महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-3, verse-8

अब्रवीत्तत्र तेजस्वी सोऽभिसृत्य जनाधिपम् ।
दुर्योधनं मन्युवशाद्वचनं वचनक्षमः ॥८॥

8. abravīttatra tejasvī so'bhisṛtya janādhipam ,
duryodhanaṁ manyuvaśādvacanaṁ vacanakṣamaḥ.

8. abravīt tatra tejasvī saḥ abhisṛtya janādhipam
duryodhanam manyuvaśāt vacanam vacanakṣamaḥ

8. saḥ tejasvī vacanakṣamaḥ tatra janādhipam
duryodhanam abhisṛtya manyuvaśāt vacanam abravīt

8. The brilliant one, eloquent in speech, approached King Duryodhana there and, overcome by anger, spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said, declared

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, then

• तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - brilliant, radiant, energetic, powerful

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

• अभिसृत्य (abhisṛtya) - having approached, having gone towards

• जनाधिपम् (janādhipam) - to the king, to the ruler of people

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - to Duryodhana, the Kaurava prince (Duryodhana)

• मन्युवशात् (manyuvaśāt) - due to anger, from the sway of wrath

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, utterance, statement

• वचनक्षमः (vacanakṣamaḥ) - capable of speech, eloquent, expert in speaking

Words meanings and morphology

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said, declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of brū

Aorist, 3rd Person Singular

Root aorist form, augmented with 'a-'.

Root: brū (class 2)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, then

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable adverb of place.

तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - brilliant, radiant, energetic, powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tejasvin

tejasvin - brilliant, powerful, spirited, glorious, having energy or luster

Possessive adjective derived from `tejas` (radiance, energy).

Note: Qualifies the speaker.

सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the speaker.

अभिसृत्य (abhisṛtya) - having approached, having gone towards

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with upasarga `abhi` and root `sṛ` followed by suffix `-tvā` (becomes `-tya` after prefixes).

Prefix: abhi

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

जनाधिपम् (janādhipam) - to the king, to the ruler of people

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - ruler of people, king, lord of men

Tatpuruṣa compound: `janānām adhipaḥ` (ruler of people).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – people, person, man
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'abhisṛtya'.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - to Duryodhana, the Kaurava prince (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name); difficult to fight

Compound 'dur' (difficult) + 'yodhana' (fighting).

Note: Appositive to 'janādhipam'.

मन्युवशात् (manyuvaśāt) - due to anger, from the sway of wrath

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of manyuvaśa

manyuvaśa - sway of anger, control of wrath

Tatpuruṣa compound: `manyoḥ vaśaḥ` (sway of anger).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manyu+vaśa)

• manyu – anger, wrath, passion, high spirit
  noun (masculine)
• vaśa – sway, control, power, will
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the cause or reason.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, utterance, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, word, statement, sentence

Derived from root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

वचनक्षमः (vacanakṣamaḥ) - capable of speech, eloquent, expert in speaking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vacanakṣama

vacanakṣama - capable of speaking, eloquent, fit for speech

Tatpuruṣa compound: `vacanasya kṣamaḥ` (capable of speech).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vacana+kṣama)

• vacana – speech, word, statement
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• kṣama – capable, able, fit, competent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the speaker.