महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-3, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
शृणु राजन्नवहितो यथा वृत्तो महान्क्षयः ।
कुरूणां पाण्डवानां च समासाद्य परस्परम् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
śṛṇu rājannavahito yathā vṛtto mahānkṣayaḥ ,
kurūṇāṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ ca samāsādya parasparam.

1. saṃjaya uvāca śṛṇu rājan avahitaḥ yathā vṛttaḥ mahān
kṣayaḥ kurūṇām pāṇḍavānām ca samāsādya parasparam

1. saṃjaya uvāca śṛṇu rājan avahitaḥ yathā kurūṇām
pāṇḍavānām ca parasparam samāsādya mahān kṣayaḥ vṛttaḥ

1. Sanjaya said: 'O King, listen attentively to how the great destruction of the Kurus and Pandavas transpired when they confronted each other.'

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen! hear!

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• अवहितः (avahitaḥ) - attentive, concentrated, heedful

• यथा (yathā) - as, in which way, how

• वृत्तः (vṛttaḥ) - happened, occurred, transpired

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

• क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - destruction, ruin, loss, end

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas

• च (ca) - and, also

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having met, having approached, having obtained

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Third person singular, perfect tense, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen! hear!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative Mood

Second person singular, imperative mood, active voice

Root: śru (class 5)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

अवहितः (avahitaḥ) - attentive, concentrated, heedful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avahita

avahita - attentive, careful, concentrated

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā- 'to place' with prefix ava-

Prefix: ava

Root: dhā (class 3)

यथा (yathā) - as, in which way, how

(indeclinable)

वृत्तः (vṛttaḥ) - happened, occurred, transpired

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - happened, occurred, past, done; conduct, event

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt- 'to be, to exist'

Root: vṛt (class 1)

महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, mighty

क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - destruction, ruin, loss, end

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, decay, end, loss

Root: kṣi (class 5)

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king and his dynasty)

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, the Pandavas

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having met, having approached, having obtained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Indeclinable participle formed with prefixes sam- and ā- from root sad-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paraspara

paraspara - each other, mutual, reciprocal