महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-3, verse-5

अभिज्ञानं नरेन्द्राणां विकृतं प्रेक्ष्य संयुगे ।
पतितान्रथनीडांश्च रथांश्चापि महात्मनाम् ॥५॥

5. abhijñānaṁ narendrāṇāṁ vikṛtaṁ prekṣya saṁyuge ,
patitānrathanīḍāṁśca rathāṁścāpi mahātmanām.

5. abhijñānam narendrāṇām vikṛtam prekṣya saṃyuge
patitān rathanīḍān ca rathān ca api mahātmanām

5. saṃyuge narendrāṇām vikṛtam abhijñānam prekṣya patitān
rathanīḍān ca rathān ca api mahātmanām [prekṣya]

5. Having observed the disfigured insignia of the kings in battle, and the fallen chariot-seats and also the chariots of the mighty ones...

Words meanings summery:

• अभिज्ञानम् (abhijñānam) - insignia (recognition, distinguishing mark, insignia, token)

• नरेन्द्राणाम् (narendrāṇām) - of the kings (of kings, of rulers of men)

• विकृतम् (vikṛtam) - disfigured (disfigured, distorted, changed, altered)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having observed (having seen, having observed)

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in conflict, in combat)

• पतितान् (patitān) - fallen (fallen, descended)

• रथनीडान् (rathanīḍān) - chariot-seats (chariot-seats, chariot-nests, parts of chariots)

• च (ca) - and

• रथान् (rathān) - chariots

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the mighty ones (of great souls, of mighty ones, of magnanimous ones)

Words meanings and morphology

अभिज्ञानम् (abhijñānam) - insignia (recognition, distinguishing mark, insignia, token)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhijñāna

abhijñāna - recognition, distinguishing mark, insignia, token, knowledge

From `abhi-jñā` (to recognize, perceive).

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of `prekṣya`.

नरेन्द्राणाम् (narendrāṇām) - of the kings (of kings, of rulers of men)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of narendra

narendra - king, ruler of men, chief among men

Compound of `nara` (man) and `indra` (chief, lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, the god Indra
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `abhijñānam`.

विकृतम् (vikṛtam) - disfigured (disfigured, distorted, changed, altered)

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vikṛta

vikṛta - changed, altered, disfigured, distorted, unnatural

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `kṛ` (class 8, U) "to make, do" with prefix `vi-`.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with `abhijñānam`.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having observed (having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root `īkṣ` (class 1, A) "to see, behold" with prefix `pra-`.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in conflict, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, conflict, combat, encounter

From `sam-yuj` (to join, unite, engage).

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

पतितान् (patitān) - fallen (fallen, descended)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, degraded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `pat` (class 1, P) "to fall", with suffix `-ta`.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `rathanīḍān` and `rathān`.

रथनीडान् (rathanīḍān) - chariot-seats (chariot-seats, chariot-nests, parts of chariots)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathanīḍa

rathanīḍa - chariot-seat, a part of a chariot, chariot-nest

Compound of `ratha` (chariot) and `nīḍa` (nest, seat).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+nīḍa)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• nīḍa – nest, abode, seat
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of `prekṣya`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

रथान् (rathān) - chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root `ramh` or `ṛ` "to go".

Root: ramh

Note: Object of `prekṣya`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphasizes `rathān`.

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the mighty ones (of great souls, of mighty ones, of magnanimous ones)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble, mighty, a great person

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `ātman` (soul, self).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of mahat, used as first member of compound.
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `rathanīḍān` and `rathān`.