महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-3, verse-42

हीयमानेन वै संधिः पर्येष्टव्यः समेन च ।
विग्रहो वर्धमानेन नीतिरेषा बृहस्पतेः ॥४२॥

42. hīyamānena vai saṁdhiḥ paryeṣṭavyaḥ samena ca ,
vigraho vardhamānena nītireṣā bṛhaspateḥ.

42. hīyamānena vai sandhiḥ paryeṣṭavyaḥ samena ca
vigrahaḥ vardhamānena nītiḥ eṣā bṛhaspateḥ

42. vai hīyamānena ca samena sandhiḥ paryeṣṭavyaḥ
vardhamānena vigrahaḥ (kāryaḥ) eṣā bṛhaspateḥ nītiḥ

42. Indeed, a weaker party should seek an alliance, and so should one of equal strength. However, a stronger party should engage in conflict (vigraha). This is the policy (nīti) of Bṛhaspati.

Words meanings summery:

• हीयमानेन (hīyamānena) - by a weaker party, by one in decline (by one who is losing, by one who is diminishing, by one who is inferior)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, certainly)

• सन्धिः (sandhiḥ) - alliance (union, junction, alliance, peace, treaty)

• पर्येष्टव्यः (paryeṣṭavyaḥ) - should be sought (to be sought, to be investigated, to be strived for, to be desired)

• समेन (samena) - by one of equal strength (by an equal, by a similar one, by a moderate one)

• च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

• विग्रहः (vigrahaḥ) - conflict (vigraha) (war, conflict, hostility, separation, body (metaphorical))

• वर्धमानेन (vardhamānena) - by one who is growing stronger (by one who is increasing, by one who is growing, by a prospering one)

• नीतिः (nītiḥ) - policy (nīti) (policy, conduct, wisdom, moral, rule)

• एषा (eṣā) - this (this, this one (feminine))

• बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Bṛhaspati

Words meanings and morphology

हीयमानेन (hīyamānena) - by a weaker party, by one in decline (by one who is losing, by one who is diminishing, by one who is inferior)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hīyamāna

hīyamāna - losing, diminishing, decreasing, becoming weak or inferior

Present Passive Participle

Formed from root hā (to abandon, forsake, diminish) with ya infix (passive) and māna suffix (middle participle).

Root: hā (class 3)

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

सन्धिः (sandhiḥ) - alliance (union, junction, alliance, peace, treaty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sandhi

sandhi - union, junction, alliance, peace, treaty, combination

From sam-dhā (to place together).

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

पर्येष्टव्यः (paryeṣṭavyaḥ) - should be sought (to be sought, to be investigated, to be strived for, to be desired)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paryeṣṭavya

paryeṣṭavya - to be sought, to be investigated, to be strived for

Gerundive

Formed from root iṣ (to seek, desire) with prefix pari and suffix -tavya.

Prefix: pari

Root: iṣ (class 4)

समेन (samena) - by one of equal strength (by an equal, by a similar one, by a moderate one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sama

sama - same, equal, similar, even, just

च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

विग्रहः (vigrahaḥ) - conflict (vigraha) (war, conflict, hostility, separation, body (metaphorical))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vigraha

vigraha - war, conflict, hostility, separation, body, form

From vi-grah (to seize apart, fight).

Prefix: vi

Root: grah (class 9)

वर्धमानेन (vardhamānena) - by one who is growing stronger (by one who is increasing, by one who is growing, by a prospering one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vardhamāna

vardhamāna - increasing, growing, prospering, thriving

Present Middle Participle

Formed from root vṛdh (to grow, increase) with suffix -māna.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

नीतिः (nītiḥ) - policy (nīti) (policy, conduct, wisdom, moral, rule)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nīti

nīti - conduct, guidance, policy, morality, wisdom, political science (nīti)

From root nī (to lead).

Root: nī (class 1)

एषा (eṣā) - this (this, this one (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Bṛhaspati

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Bṛhaspati (name of the preceptor of the gods, associated with wisdom and policy)

Note: Possessive case.