महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-27, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तस्मिन्प्रवृत्ते संग्रामे नरवाजिगजक्षये ।
शकुनिः सौबलो राजन्सहदेवं समभ्ययात् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tasminpravṛtte saṁgrāme naravājigajakṣaye ,
śakuniḥ saubalo rājansahadevaṁ samabhyayāt.

1. sañjaya uvāca tasmin pravṛtte saṃgrāme nara-vāji-gaja-kṣaye
śakuniḥ saubalaḥ rājan sahadevam samabhyayāt

1. rājan sañjayaḥ uvāca tasmin nara-vāji-gaja-kṣaye
saṃgrāme pravṛtte saubalaḥ śakuniḥ sahadevam samabhyayāt

1. Sanjaya said: O king, while that battle causing the destruction of men, horses, and elephants was taking place, Sakuni, the son of Subala, advanced against Sahadeva.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya, the narrator of the events (Sanjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - that, in that

• प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - having commenced, taking place, proceeding

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

• नर-वाजि-गज-क्षये (nara-vāji-gaja-kṣaye) - in the destruction of men, horses, and elephants

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Sakuni, the son of Subala (Sakuni)

• सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - the son of Subala, i.e., Sakuni (son of Subala)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king Dhritarashtra (O king)

• सहदेवम् (sahadevam) - the Pandava prince Sahadeva (Sahadeva)

• समभ्ययात् (samabhyayāt) - approached, advanced against, attacked

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya, the narrator of the events (Sanjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - that, in that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - having commenced, taking place, proceeding

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - begun, set in motion, engaged in

Past Passive Participle

pra + vṛt

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, combat, war

नर-वाजि-गज-क्षये (nara-vāji-gaja-kṣaye) - in the destruction of men, horses, and elephants

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nara-vāji-gaja-kṣaya

nara-vāji-gaja-kṣaya - destruction of men, horses, and elephants

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+vāji+gaja+kṣaya)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• vāji – horse
  noun (masculine)
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – destruction, decay, loss
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Sakuni, the son of Subala (Sakuni)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Sakuni (proper name)

सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - the son of Subala, i.e., Sakuni (son of Subala)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala

राजन् (rājan) - O king Dhritarashtra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सहदेवम् (sahadevam) - the Pandava prince Sahadeva (Sahadeva)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (proper name)

समभ्ययात् (samabhyayāt) - approached, advanced against, attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of samabhiyā

sam + abhi + yā

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: yā (class 2)

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