महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-27, verse-20

इह कीर्तिं समाधाय प्रेत्य लोकान्समश्नुते ।
प्राणाञ्जहाति यो वीरो युधि पृष्ठमदर्शयन् ॥२०॥

20. iha kīrtiṁ samādhāya pretya lokānsamaśnute ,
prāṇāñjahāti yo vīro yudhi pṛṣṭhamadarśayan.

20. iha kīrtim samādhāya pretya lokān samaśnute |
prāṇān jahāti yaḥ vīraḥ yudhi pṛṣṭham adarśayan

20. yaḥ vīraḥ yudhi pṛṣṭham adarśayan prāṇān jahāti
iha kīrtim samādhāya pretya lokān samaśnute

20. A hero who gives up his life in battle, not showing his back, establishes fame in this world and attains (higher) worlds after death.

Words meanings summery:

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame, glory, renown

• समाधाय (samādhāya) - having established, having placed, having fixed

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death, having died

• लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, regions, people

• समश्नुते (samaśnute) - attains, reaches fully, enjoys

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, vital breaths

• जहाति (jahāti) - abandons, gives up, forsakes

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave man

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

• पृष्ठम् (pṛṣṭham) - back, rear

• अदर्शयन् (adarśayan) - not showing, without showing

Words meanings and morphology

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame, glory, renown

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kīrti

kīrti - fame, glory, renown

समाधाय (samādhāya) - having established, having placed, having fixed

(indeclinable)

absolutive

derived from root dhā with upasargas sam and ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death, having died

(indeclinable)

absolutive

derived from root i with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, regions, people

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, region, people

समश्नुते (samaśnute) - attains, reaches fully, enjoys

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sam-aś

present middle third singular

verbal root aś with upasarga sam, 5th class

Prefix: sam

Root: aś (class 5)

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, vital breaths

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life

जहाति (jahāti) - abandons, gives up, forsakes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of hā

present active third singular

verbal root hā, 3rd class

Root: hā (class 3)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which

वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight

पृष्ठम् (pṛṣṭham) - back, rear

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pṛṣṭha

pṛṣṭha - back, rear, surface

अदर्शयन् (adarśayan) - not showing, without showing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adarśayat

adarśayat - not showing, causing not to see

present active participle

derived from causal root dṛś with negative prefix a

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)