महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-27, verse-23

तांस्तदापततो दृष्ट्वा सौबलस्य पदानुगान् ।
प्रत्युद्ययुर्महाराज पाण्डवा विजये वृताः ॥२३॥

23. tāṁstadāpatato dṛṣṭvā saubalasya padānugān ,
pratyudyayurmahārāja pāṇḍavā vijaye vṛtāḥ.

23. tān tadā āpatataḥ dṛṣṭvā saubalasya padānugān
| pratyudyayuḥ mahārāja pāṇḍavāḥ vijaye vṛtāḥ

23. mahārāja tadā saubalasya padānugān āpatataḥ dṛṣṭvā,
vijaye vṛtāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ tān pratyudyayuḥ

23. Then, O great king, having seen those followers of Saubala attacking, the Pāṇḍavas, intent on victory, advanced against them.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those (masculine)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• आपततः (āpatataḥ) - rushing towards, attacking, falling upon

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सौबलस्य (saubalasya) - of Saubala (Śakuni)

• पदानुगान् (padānugān) - followers, attendants

• प्रत्युद्ययुः (pratyudyayuḥ) - they advanced against, they went to meet

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king!

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas

• विजये (vijaye) - in victory, for victory

• वृताः (vṛtāḥ) - intent on, chosen, surrounded

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those (masculine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

आपततः (āpatataḥ) - rushing towards, attacking, falling upon

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āpatat

āpatat - rushing towards, attacking

present active participle

derived from root pat with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

derived from root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सौबलस्य (saubalasya) - of Saubala (Śakuni)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala, Śakuni

पदानुगान् (padānugān) - followers, attendants

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of padānuga

padānuga - follower, attendant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pada+anuga)

• pada – foot, step, trace
  noun (neuter)
• anuga – following, going after
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun from anugam
  derived from root gam with upasarga anu
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

प्रत्युद्ययुः (pratyudyayuḥ) - they advanced against, they went to meet

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of prati-ud-yā

perfect active third plural

verbal root yā with upasargas prati and ud

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

विजये (vijaye) - in victory, for victory

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph

वृताः (vṛtāḥ) - intent on, chosen, surrounded

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛta

vṛta - chosen, surrounded, intent on

past passive participle

derived from root vṛ

Root: vṛ (class 1)