महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-27, verse-59

स तच्छिरो वेगवता शरेण सुवर्णपुङ्खेन शिलाशितेन ।
प्रावेरयत्कुपितः पाण्डुपुत्रो यत्तत्कुरूणामनयस्य मूलम् ॥५९॥

59. sa tacchiro vegavatā śareṇa; suvarṇapuṅkhena śilāśitena ,
prāverayatkupitaḥ pāṇḍuputro; yattatkurūṇāmanayasya mūlam.

59. saḥ tat śiraḥ vegavatā śareṇa suvarṇapuṅkhena śilāśitena
prāverayat kupitaḥ pāṇḍuputraḥ yat tat kurūṇām anayasyā mūlam

59. kupitaḥ pāṇḍuputraḥ vegavatā suvarṇapuṅkhena śilāśitena
śareṇa tat śiraḥ prāverayat yat tat kurūṇām anayasyā mūlam

59. Enraged, the son of Pāṇḍu (Pāṇḍuputra) hurled that head, propelled by a swift arrow that was feathered with gold and sharpened on a stone, for that (head) was the very root of the Kurus' misrule and injustice.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - the Pandava (Sahadeva) (he)

• तत् (tat) - that head (that, it)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• वेगवता (vegavatā) - by the swift arrow (by the swift, by the forceful)

• शरेण (śareṇa) - with an arrow

• सुवर्णपुङ्खेन (suvarṇapuṅkhena) - by the golden-feathered (arrow)

• शिलाशितेन (śilāśitena) - by the arrow sharpened on a stone (by the one sharpened on a stone)

• प्रावेरयत् (prāverayat) - he hurled, he threw forth, he propelled

• कुपितः (kupitaḥ) - enraged, angry

• पाण्डुपुत्रः (pāṇḍuputraḥ) - son of Pandu, the Pandava

• यत् (yat) - which, because

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• अनयस्या (anayasyā) - of misrule, injustice, bad policy

• मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, source

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - the Pandava (Sahadeva) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तत् (tat) - that head (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

वेगवता (vegavatā) - by the swift arrow (by the swift, by the forceful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vegavat

vegavat - swift, quick, impetuous, forceful

शरेण (śareṇa) - with an arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow, reed

सुवर्णपुङ्खेन (suvarṇapuṅkhena) - by the golden-feathered (arrow)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of suvarṇapuṅkha

suvarṇapuṅkha - having golden feathers/fletching

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (suvarṇa+puṅkha)

• suvarṇa – gold, golden
  noun (neuter)
• puṅkha – feather, fletching (of an arrow)
  noun (neuter)

शिलाशितेन (śilāśitena) - by the arrow sharpened on a stone (by the one sharpened on a stone)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śilāśita

śilāśita - sharpened on a stone

Past Passive Participle (śita)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śilā+śita)

• śilā – stone, rock
  noun (feminine)
• śita – sharpened, keen
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'śā' (to sharpen).
  Root: śā (class 2)

प्रावेरयत् (prāverayat) - he hurled, he threw forth, he propelled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pra-īrayat

imperfect active

Derived from root 'īr' (to move, excite) in the causative sense (īrayati), with upasarga 'pra' (forth, forward).

Prefix: pra

Root: īr (class 1)

कुपितः (kupitaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kupita

kupita - enraged, angry, agitated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kup' (to be angry).

Root: kup (class 4)

पाण्डुपुत्रः (pāṇḍuputraḥ) - son of Pandu, the Pandava

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pandu

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pandu (father of the Pandavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
  Root: su

यत् (yat) - which, because

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king, and his descendants, the Kauravas)

अनयस्या (anayasyā) - of misrule, injustice, bad policy

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of anaya

anaya - misconduct, bad policy, injustice, misrule, misfortune

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+naya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• naya – guidance, policy, conduct, prudence
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'nī' (to lead).
  Root: nī (class 1)

मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, source

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, basis, origin, source