महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-27, verse-48

निहतास्ते दुरात्मानो येऽस्मानवहसन्पुरा ।
दुर्योधनः कुलाङ्गारः शिष्टस्त्वं तस्य मातुलः ॥४८॥

48. nihatāste durātmāno ye'smānavahasanpurā ,
duryodhanaḥ kulāṅgāraḥ śiṣṭastvaṁ tasya mātulaḥ.

48. nihatāḥ te durātmānaḥ ye asmān avahasan purā
duryodhanaḥ kulāṅgāraḥ śiṣṭaḥ tvam tasya mātulaḥ

48. ye durātmānaḥ asmān purā avahasan te nihatāḥ
kulāṅgāraḥ duryodhanaḥ śiṣṭaḥ tvam tasya mātulaḥ

48. Those wicked souls (durātmā) who formerly mocked us have been slain. Duryodhana, the disgrace of his family, remains, and you are his maternal uncle.

Words meanings summery:

• निहताः (nihatāḥ) - killed (in battle) (slain, killed, destroyed)

• ते (te) - those (wicked souls) (those, they)

• दुरात्मानः (durātmānaḥ) - wicked souls (wicked souls, evil-minded persons)

• ये (ye) - who (who, which)

• अस्मान् (asmān) - us (the Pāṇḍavas) (us)

• अवहसन् (avahasan) - they mocked (us) (they laughed at, they mocked)

• पुरा (purā) - formerly (formerly, previously, in the past)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (proper noun))

• कुलाङ्गारः (kulāṅgāraḥ) - disgrace of the family (disgrace of the family, burning coal of the family)

• शिष्टः (śiṣṭaḥ) - remains, is left (alive) (remaining, left over)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Śakuni) (you)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (Duryodhana's) (his, its, of that)

• मातुलः (mātulaḥ) - maternal uncle (Śakuni) (maternal uncle)

Words meanings and morphology

निहताः (nihatāḥ) - killed (in battle) (slain, killed, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `han` with prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

ते (te) - those (wicked souls) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

दुरात्मानः (durātmānaḥ) - wicked souls (wicked souls, evil-minded persons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durātman

durātman - wicked person, evil-minded, vile character

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual consciousness
  noun (masculine)

ये (ye) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

अस्मान् (asmān) - us (the Pāṇḍavas) (us)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

अवहसन् (avahasan) - they mocked (us) (they laughed at, they mocked)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of avahas

Imperfect Tense, 3rd Person Plural. The prefix `ava` can intensify or indicate 'down upon' for `has`, leading to 'mock'.

Prefix: ava

Root: has (class 1)

पुरा (purā) - formerly (formerly, previously, in the past)

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

Literally, 'difficult to fight with'.

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root `yudh` (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)

कुलाङ्गारः (kulāṅgāraḥ) - disgrace of the family (disgrace of the family, burning coal of the family)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kulāṅgāra

kulāṅgāra - an ember of the family, a disgrace to the family, one who brings ruin to the family

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kula+aṅgāra)

• kula – family, lineage, race, clan
  noun (neuter)
• aṅgāra – charcoal, live coal, ember
  noun (masculine)

शिष्टः (śiṣṭaḥ) - remains, is left (alive) (remaining, left over)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiṣṭa

śiṣṭa - remaining, left, disciplined, taught, restrained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `śiṣ` (to leave, to remain).

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Implies 'is remaining'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Śakuni) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

तस्य (tasya) - his (Duryodhana's) (his, its, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

मातुलः (mātulaḥ) - maternal uncle (Śakuni) (maternal uncle)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mātula

mātula - maternal uncle