महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-27, verse-41

अथोत्क्रुष्टं महद्ध्यासीत्पाण्डवैर्जितकाशिभिः ।
धार्तराष्ट्रास्ततः सर्वे प्रायशो विमुखाभवन् ॥४१॥

41. athotkruṣṭaṁ mahaddhyāsītpāṇḍavairjitakāśibhiḥ ,
dhārtarāṣṭrāstataḥ sarve prāyaśo vimukhābhavan.

41. atha utkruṣṭam mahat adhi āsīt pāṇḍavaiḥ jitakāśibhiḥ
dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ tataḥ sarve prāyaśaḥ vimukhāḥ abhavan

41. atha jitakāśibhiḥ pāṇḍavaiḥ mahat utkruṣṭam adhi āsīt
tataḥ sarve prāyaśaḥ dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ vimukhāḥ abhavan

41. Then, a great shout was raised by the Pāṇḍavas, who were shining with victory. Consequently, almost all the Dhārtarāṣṭras turned away, becoming disheartened.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon, moreover

• उत्क्रुष्टम् (utkruṣṭam) - a loud cry, shout, roar

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, loud, mighty

• अधि (adhi) - As a prefix to the verb 'āsīt'. (upon, over, in, regarding (prefix))

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

• जितकाशिभिः (jitakāśibhiḥ) - shining with victory, having conquered, glorifying their conquest

• धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - The warriors on Duryodhana's side. (the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Kauravas))

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, therefore, from there

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - mostly, for the most part, almost

• विमुखाः (vimukhāḥ) - turned away, with faces averted, disheartened, hostile

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon, moreover

(indeclinable)

उत्क्रुष्टम् (utkruṣṭam) - a loud cry, shout, roar

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of utkruṣṭa

utkruṣṭa - shouted, cried aloud; a shout, roar (as a noun)

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root kruś- (to cry out) with upasarga ut-.

Prefix: ut

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Subject of āsīt, though the agent is in instrumental.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, loud, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty, loud

Present Active Participle

From root mah- (to be great, to grow), irregular participle.

Root: mah (class 1)

अधि (adhi) - As a prefix to the verb 'āsīt'. (upon, over, in, regarding (prefix))

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Active

Augmented imperfect form.

Root: as (class 2)

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava prince

Note: Denotes the agent of the action (shout).

जितकाशिभिः (jitakāśibhiḥ) - shining with victory, having conquered, glorifying their conquest

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jitakāśin

jitakāśin - shining with victory, glorious in victory, manifesting victory

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+kāśin)

• jita – conquered, won, subdued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ji- (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• kāśin – shining, radiant, appearing
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle (suffix -in)
  From root kāś- (to shine).
  Root: kāś (class 1)

धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - The warriors on Duryodhana's side. (the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Kauravas))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, belonging to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Kauravas)

Derived from Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

Note: Subject of abhavan.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, therefore, from there

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Agrees with dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ.

प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - mostly, for the most part, almost

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -śas.

विमुखाः (vimukhāḥ) - turned away, with faces averted, disheartened, hostile

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vimukha

vimukha - having face averted, turned away, disheartened, hostile

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+mukha)

• vi – apart, away, without
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

Augmented imperfect form.

Root: bhū (class 1)