महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-27, verse-30

स जगाम रथाद्भूमिं सहदेवेन पातितः ।
रुधिराप्लुतसर्वाङ्गो नन्दयन्पाण्डवान्युधि ॥३०॥

30. sa jagāma rathādbhūmiṁ sahadevena pātitaḥ ,
rudhirāplutasarvāṅgo nandayanpāṇḍavānyudhi.

30. sa jagāma rathāt bhūmim sahadevena pātitaḥ
rudhirāplutasarvāṅgaḥ nandayān pāṇḍavān yudhi

30. sahadevena pātitaḥ rudhirāplutasarvāṅgaḥ sa
rathāt bhūmim jagāma yudhi pāṇḍavān nandayān

30. Struck down by Sahadeva, his entire body drenched in blood, he went from his chariot to the ground, thus delighting the Pandavas in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Uluka (he, that)

• जगाम (jagāma) - fell, went down (went, proceeded)

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• भूमिम् (bhūmim) - to the ground, earth

• सहदेवेन (sahadevena) - by Sahadeva

• पातितः (pātitaḥ) - struck down, felled, caused to fall

• रुधिराप्लुतसर्वाङ्गः (rudhirāplutasarvāṅgaḥ) - Uluka, whose entire body was covered in blood (whose whole body was drenched in blood)

• नन्दयान् (nandayān) - gladdening, delighting

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pandavas

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Uluka (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'jagāma'.

जगाम (jagāma) - fell, went down (went, proceeded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect Active

Root 'gam' (to go). Third person singular, perfect tense, active voice.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Indicates the source of movement.

भूमिम् (bhūmim) - to the ground, earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

Note: Indicates the destination of movement.

सहदेवेन (sahadevena) - by Sahadeva

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (one of the Pandava brothers)

Note: Agent of 'pātitaḥ'.

पातितः (pātitaḥ) - struck down, felled, caused to fall

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pātita

pātita - caused to fall, thrown down, struck down

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from causative root 'pat' (to fall) -> 'pātay' with kta suffix.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (Uluka).

रुधिराप्लुतसर्वाङ्गः (rudhirāplutasarvāṅgaḥ) - Uluka, whose entire body was covered in blood (whose whole body was drenched in blood)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rudhirāplutasarvāṅga

rudhirāplutasarvāṅga - having all limbs drenched in blood

Bahuvrihi compound: 'rudhira' (blood) + 'āpluta' (drenched) + 'sarva' (all) + 'aṅga' (limbs).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rudhira+āpluta+sarva+aṅga)

• rudhira – blood
  noun (neuter)
• āpluta – drenched, soaked, submerged
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'plu' (to float, to bathe) with upasarga 'ā' and kta suffix.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: plu (class 1)
• sarva – all, whole, entire
  pronoun (masculine)
• aṅga – limb, body part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (Uluka).

नन्दयान् (nandayān) - gladdening, delighting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nandayant

nandayant - gladdening, causing joy

Present Active Participle (causative)

Derived from causative root 'nand' (to rejoice) -> 'nanday' with śatṛ suffix.

Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sa', indicating a simultaneous action.

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu; the Pandavas

Note: Object of 'nandayān'.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, war, combat

Note: Locative of time/place.