महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-1, verse-49

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
न व्यथा शृण्वतः काचिद्विद्यते मम संजय ।
दिष्टमेतत्पुरा मन्ये कथयस्व यथेच्छकम् ॥४९॥

49. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
na vyathā śṛṇvataḥ kācidvidyate mama saṁjaya ,
diṣṭametatpurā manye kathayasva yathecchakam.

49. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca na vyathā śṛṇvataḥ kācit vidyate mama
saṃjaya diṣṭam etat purā manye kathayasva yathecchakam

49. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca: saṃjaya,
śṛṇvataḥ mama kācit vyathā na vidyate.
etat purā diṣṭam manye.
yathecchakam kathayasva.

49. Dhritarashtra said: "O Sanjaya, I feel no distress (vyathā) while listening. I believe that this was all ordained by destiny (diṣṭa) long ago. Therefore, please narrate whatever you wish."

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• व्यथा (vyathā) - distress, pain, suffering, trouble

• शृण्वतः (śṛṇvataḥ) - of one who hears, while hearing, listening

• काचित् (kācit) - any, some, a certain (feminine)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is

• मम (mama) - my, to me

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya (proper noun)

• दिष्टम् (diṣṭam) - fate, destiny, ordained, appointed

• एतत् (etat) - this (entire course of events) (this, it)

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, long ago, in olden times

• मन्ये (manye) - I think, I believe, I consider

• कथयस्व (kathayasva) - narrate, tell, relate

• यथेच्छकम् (yathecchakam) - as you wish, according to desire

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of the blind king of the Kurus)

Compound: 'dhṛta' (held, sustained) + 'rāṣṭra' (kingdom). He who has held the kingdom.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, sustained, supported
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular, Perfect Tense, Parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

व्यथा (vyathā) - distress, pain, suffering, trouble

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vyathā

vyathā - distress, pain, suffering, trouble, agitation

Feminine noun derived from the root 'vyath'.

Root: vyath (class 1)

शृण्वतः (śṛṇvataḥ) - of one who hears, while hearing, listening

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śṛṇvat

śṛṇvat - hearing, listening (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

From root 'śru' (to hear), present active participle, masculine singular genitive.

Root: śru (class 5)

काचित् (kācit) - any, some, a certain (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kācit

kācit - any, some, a certain (feminine)

Compound of 'kā' (who, feminine) + 'cit' (an indefinite particle).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kā+cit)

• kā – who, what (feminine)
  pronoun (feminine)
• cit – indeed, just, an indefinite particle
  indeclinable

Note: Agrees with 'vyathā'.

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Indicative

3rd person singular, Present Indicative, Ātmanepada (from root 'vid', to be, exist, class 4)

Root: vid (class 4)

मम (mama) - my, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

1st person pronoun

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)

From 'saṃ' (together, completely) + root 'ji' (to conquer).

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

दिष्टम् (diṣṭam) - fate, destiny, ordained, appointed

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of diṣṭa

diṣṭa - ordained, appointed, fate, destiny

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root 'diś' (to point out, to ordain).

Root: diś (class 6)

एतत् (etat) - this (entire course of events) (this, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, it

Note: Refers to the 'diṣṭam'.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, long ago, in olden times

(indeclinable)

मन्ये (manye) - I think, I believe, I consider

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Indicative

1st person singular, Present Indicative, Ātmanepada

Root: man (class 4)

कथयस्व (kathayasva) - narrate, tell, relate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of kathay

Imperative Mood

2nd person singular, Imperative Mood, Ātmanepada, causal form from root 'kath' (or directly from 'kathay' Dhatupatha 10th class)

Root: kath (class 10)

यथेच्छकम् (yathecchakam) - as you wish, according to desire

(indeclinable)

Compound: 'yathā' (as) + 'icchā' (wish) + '-kam' (suffix).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+icchā)

• yathā – as, just as, in what manner
  indeclinable
• icchā – wish, desire, will
  noun (feminine)
  verbal noun from iṣ
  feminine noun from root 'iṣ'
  Root: iṣ (class 6)