महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-1, verse-25

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
हते कर्णे महाराज निशि गावल्गणिस्तदा ।
दीनो ययौ नागपुरमश्वैर्वातसमैर्जवे ॥२५॥

25. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
hate karṇe mahārāja niśi gāvalgaṇistadā ,
dīno yayau nāgapuramaśvairvātasamairjave.

25. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca hate karṇe mahārāja niśi gāvalgaṇiḥ
tadā dīnaḥ yayau nāgapuram aśvaiḥ vātasamaiḥ jave

25. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca mahārāja tadā niśi karṇe hate
gāvalgaṇiḥ dīnaḥ vātasamaiḥ aśvaiḥ jave nāgapuram yayau

25. Vaiśampāyana said: O great king, then, with Karṇa having been slain (hate karṇe) that night, Saṃjaya, son of Gavalgala (gāvalgaṇi), distressed, went to Hastinapura on horses as swift as the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (the narrator of the Mahabharata to Janamejaya) (Vaiśampāyana (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• हते (hate) - with Karṇa slain (slain, killed, destroyed)

• कर्णे (karṇe) - when Karṇa (was slain) (in Karṇa, to Karṇa, when Karṇa)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O Janamejaya (O great king)

• निशि (niśi) - that night (at night, in the night)

• गावल्गणिः (gāvalgaṇiḥ) - Saṃjaya (the charioteer of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and narrator to him) (son of Gavalgala (Saṃjaya))

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - distressed (due to the death of Karṇa and the war's outcome) (distressed, miserable, wretched)

• ययौ (yayau) - went

• नागपुरम् (nāgapuram) - to Hastinapura (to Hastinapura (city of elephants, Nagas))

• अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - on horses (by horses, with horses)

• वातसमैः (vātasamaiḥ) - swift as the wind (wind-like, swift as wind)

• जवे (jave) - in swiftness (in speed, in swiftness)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (the narrator of the Mahabharata to Janamejaya) (Vaiśampāyana (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a pupil of Vyāsa

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ) 3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

हते (hate) - with Karṇa slain (slain, killed, destroyed)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han 'to strike, kill'

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction with 'karṇe'.

कर्णे (karṇe) - when Karṇa (was slain) (in Karṇa, to Karṇa, when Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name), ear

Note: Part of locative absolute construction with 'hate'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O Janamejaya (O great king)

(compound)

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing Janamejaya.

निशि (niśi) - that night (at night, in the night)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of niś

niś - night

Note: Temporal locative.

गावल्गणिः (gāvalgaṇiḥ) - Saṃjaya (the charioteer of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and narrator to him) (son of Gavalgala (Saṃjaya))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāvalgaṇi

gāvalgaṇi - son of Gavalgala

patronymic from Gavalgala

Note: Subject of 'yayau'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - distressed (due to the death of Karṇa and the war's outcome) (distressed, miserable, wretched)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, wretched, sad, miserable

Note: Agrees with 'gāvalgaṇiḥ'.

ययौ (yayau) - went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect tense (liṭ) 3rd person singular active

Root: yā (class 2)

नागपुरम् (nāgapuram) - to Hastinapura (to Hastinapura (city of elephants, Nagas))

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nāgapura

nāgapura - city of serpents/elephants, Hastinapura

Note: Object of motion.

अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - on horses (by horses, with horses)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

Note: Means of travel.

वातसमैः (vātasamaiḥ) - swift as the wind (wind-like, swift as wind)

(compound)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāta+sama)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, like, similar
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'aśvaiḥ'.

जवे (jave) - in swiftness (in speed, in swiftness)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of java

java - speed, swiftness, velocity

Root: ju (class 1)

Note: Locative of manner/circumstance.