महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-1, verse-10

ते कृत्वावश्यकार्याणि समाश्वस्य च भारत ।
योगमाज्ञापयामासुर्युद्धाय च विनिर्ययुः ॥१०॥

10. te kṛtvāvaśyakāryāṇi samāśvasya ca bhārata ,
yogamājñāpayāmāsuryuddhāya ca viniryayuḥ.

10. te kṛtvā āvaśyakakāryāṇi samāśvasya ca bhārata
yogam ājñāpayāmāsuḥ yuddhāya ca viniryayuḥ

10. bhārata te āvaśyakakāryāṇi kṛtvā ca samāśvasya
yogam ājñāpayāmāsuḥ ca yuddhāya viniryayuḥ

10. O Bhārata, having performed their essential duties and having gathered their resolve, they ordered the battle formation (yoga) and then departed for battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• आवश्यककार्याणि (āvaśyakakāryāṇi) - necessary duties, essential tasks

• समाश्वस्य (samāśvasya) - having gathered their resolve (having comforted oneself, having reassured, having regained courage/resolve)

• च (ca) - and, also

• भारत (bhārata) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

• योगम् (yogam) - battle formation (yoga) (union, discipline, method, battle formation (yoga))

• आज्ञापयामासुः (ājñāpayāmāsuḥ) - they commanded, they ordered, they made known

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for war

• च (ca) - and, also

• विनिर्ययुः (viniryayuḥ) - they set out, they departed, they went forth

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun, used here as a personal pronoun.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Used to indicate an action completed before the main verb.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

आवश्यककार्याणि (āvaśyakakāryāṇi) - necessary duties, essential tasks

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of āvaśyakakārya

āvaśyakakārya - necessary duty, essential task

Compound of āvaśyaka (necessary) and kārya (duty).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (āvaśyaka+kārya)

• āvaśyaka – necessary, indispensable, obligatory
  adjective (neuter)
  From avaśyam 'necessarily'.
• kārya – to be done, duty, task, business
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from √kṛ 'to do' with suffix -ya (kṛtya).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

समाश्वस्य (samāśvasya) - having gathered their resolve (having comforted oneself, having reassured, having regained courage/resolve)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From sam-ā-√śvas 'to breathe, to be confident'.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

भारत (bhārata) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata

Patronymic from Bharata.

योगम् (yogam) - battle formation (yoga) (union, discipline, method, battle formation (yoga))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, discipline, effort, method, application, battle array

From √yuj 'to join, to yoke'.

Root: yuj (class 7)

आज्ञापयामासुः (ājñāpayāmāsuḥ) - they commanded, they ordered, they made known

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of ājñāpay

Causative

Periphrastic perfect of causative stem ājñāpay (from ā-√jñā 'to know').

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: The form combines the causative stem with the auxiliary 'kṛ' in perfect.

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for war

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

From √yudh 'to fight'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

विनिर्ययुः (viniryayuḥ) - they set out, they departed, they went forth

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of viniryā

From vi-nir-√yā 'to go'.

Prefixes: vi+nir

Root: yā (class 2)