महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-1, verse-33

तमेवंवादिनं राजा सूतपुत्रं कृताञ्जलिम् ।
सुदीर्घमभिनिःश्वस्य दुःखार्त इदमब्रवीत् ॥३३॥

33. tamevaṁvādinaṁ rājā sūtaputraṁ kṛtāñjalim ,
sudīrghamabhiniḥśvasya duḥkhārta idamabravīt.

33. tam evam vādinam rājā sūtaputram kṛta añjalim
sudīrgham abhiniḥśvasya duḥkha ārta idam abravīt

33. duḥkha ārta rājā sudīrgham abhiniḥśvasya evam
vādinam kṛta añjalim tam sūtaputram idam abravīt

33. The king, afflicted by sorrow (duḥkha), sighed very deeply and then spoke this to the son of Sūta (Sanjaya), who was speaking thus and had made an obeisance (kṛtāñjali).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• वादिनम् (vādinam) - speaker, one who speaks, speaking

• राजा (rājā) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the king)

• सूतपुत्रम् (sūtaputram) - Sanjaya (the son of Sūta)

• कृत (kṛta) - made, done

• अञ्जलिम् (añjalim) - folded hands, respectful salutation

• सुदीर्घम् (sudīrgham) - very deep, very long

• अभिनिःश्वस्य (abhiniḥśvasya) - having sighed deeply

• दुःख (duḥkha) - sorrow, suffering

• आर्त (ārta) - afflicted, distressed

• इदम् (idam) - this

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him/her/it

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

वादिनम् (vādinam) - speaker, one who speaks, speaking

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vādin

vādin - speaker, one who says, arguing

Agent noun

Derived from root वद् (vad) with suffix -in.

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'sūtaputram'.

राजा (rājā) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सूतपुत्रम् (sūtaputram) - Sanjaya (the son of Sūta)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer (Sūta), name of Sanjaya

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard; a mixed caste
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

कृत (kṛta) - made, done

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: First part of the compound 'kṛtāñjali'.

अञ्जलिम् (añjalim) - folded hands, respectful salutation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of añjali

añjali - the hollow of the hands, folded hands as a sign of respect

Note: Second part of the compound 'kṛtāñjali', which is a bahuvrīhi, meaning 'one by whom añjali has been made'.

सुदीर्घम् (sudīrgham) - very deep, very long

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudīrgha

sudīrgha - very long, very deep

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dīrgha)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• dīrgha – long, deep
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying 'abhiniḥśvasya'.

अभिनिःश्वस्य (abhiniḥśvasya) - having sighed deeply

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root श्वस् (śvas) with prefixes अभि (abhi) and निः (nis), followed by the suffix -ya.

Prefixes: abhi+nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

दुःख (duḥkha) - sorrow, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, misery

Note: First part of the compound 'duḥkhārta'.

आर्त (ārta) - afflicted, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - afflicted, distressed, pained, suffering

Past Passive Participle

From root ऋ (ṛ) 'to go' with prefix आ (ā) or related to 'arti' meaning pain/distress.

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Describes the king.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this (thing)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)