महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-1, verse-21

दुर्मरं बत मन्येऽहं नृणां कृच्छ्रेऽपि वर्तताम् ।
यत्र कर्णं हतं श्रुत्वा नात्यजज्जीवितं नृपः ॥२१॥

21. durmaraṁ bata manye'haṁ nṛṇāṁ kṛcchre'pi vartatām ,
yatra karṇaṁ hataṁ śrutvā nātyajajjīvitaṁ nṛpaḥ.

21. durmaram bata manye aham nṛṇām kṛcchre api vartatām
yatra karṇam hatam śrutvā na atyajat jīvitam nṛpaḥ

21. ahaṃ bata nṛṇām kṛcchre api vartatām durmaram manye
yatra nṛpaḥ karṇam hatam śrutvā jīvitam na atyajat

21. Alas, I consider it truly difficult for people to die, even when they are in distress, given that the king (Duryodhana), upon hearing that Karṇa was slain, did not give up his life.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्मरम् (durmaram) - difficult to die, hard to perish

• बत (bata) - alas!, indeed, ah!

• मन्ये (manye) - I think, I believe, I consider

• अहम् (aham) - I

• नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - for people (of men, of people)

• कृच्छ्रे (kṛcchre) - in distress, in difficulty, in suffering

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• वर्तताम् (vartatām) - of people existing in such a state (of those existing, of those being, of those remaining)

• यत्र (yatra) - when (the king did not abandon life) (where, in which, when)

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (proper name)

• हतम् (hatam) - slain (Karṇa) (killed, slain, struck)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• न (na) - not, no

• अत्यजत् (atyajat) - he abandoned, he gave up

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, livelihood

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (Duryodhana) (king, protector of men)

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्मरम् (durmaram) - difficult to die, hard to perish

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durmara

durmara - difficult to die, hard to perish

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (dur+mara)

• dur – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
• mara – dying, death
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  verbal noun
  Derived from root mṛ (to die).
  Root: mṛ (class 6)

बत (bata) - alas!, indeed, ah!

(indeclinable)

मन्ये (manye) - I think, I believe, I consider

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Root: man (class 4)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - for people (of men, of people)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛ

nṛ - man, human being, person

कृच्छ्रे (kṛcchre) - in distress, in difficulty, in suffering

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficulty, trouble, distress, pain

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

वर्तताम् (vartatām) - of people existing in such a state (of those existing, of those being, of those remaining)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vartamāna

vartamāna - existing, being, present

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to be, exist) with -māna suffix (middle voice).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

यत्र (yatra) - when (the king did not abandon life) (where, in which, when)

(indeclinable)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (a prominent character in the Mahābhārata); ear

हतम् (hatam) - slain (Karṇa) (killed, slain, struck)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with -ta suffix.

Root: han (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru (to hear) with -tvā suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अत्यजत् (atyajat) - he abandoned, he gave up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of tyaj

Prefix: ati

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: With upasarga 'ati'.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, livelihood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, means of life

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

Derived from root jīv (to live) with -ta suffix, used as a neuter noun.

Root: jīv (class 1)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (Duryodhana) (king, protector of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound of nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from root pā).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)