महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-1, verse-23

तथैव चान्यान्सुहृदः पुत्रपौत्रांश्च पातितान् ।
श्रुत्वा यन्नाजहात्प्राणांस्तन्मन्ये दुष्करं द्विज ॥२३॥

23. tathaiva cānyānsuhṛdaḥ putrapautrāṁśca pātitān ,
śrutvā yannājahātprāṇāṁstanmanye duṣkaraṁ dvija.

23. tathā eva ca anyān suhṛdaḥ putrapautrān ca pātitān
śrutvā yat na ajahāt prāṇān tat manye duṣkaram dvija

23. dvija tathā eva ca anyān suhṛdaḥ ca putrapautrān
pātitān śrutvā yat prāṇān na ajahāt tat duṣkaram manye

23. And similarly, O Brahmin (dvija), having heard that other friends, sons, and grandsons had fallen, the fact that he (Duryodhana) did not give up his life – that I consider extremely difficult (duṣkaram).

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, certainly, also

• च (ca) - and, also

• अन्यान् (anyān) - other, different

• सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends, well-wishers

• पुत्रपौत्रान् (putrapautrān) - sons and grandsons

• च (ca) - and, also

• पातितान् (pātitān) - fallen (in battle), slain (fallen, thrown down, slain)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• यत् (yat) - the fact that (that (conjunction), which)

• न (na) - not, no

• अजहात् (ajahāt) - he abandoned, he gave up, he forsook

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - his life (lives, breaths, vital airs, life force)

• तत् (tat) - that (fact) (that, that thing)

• मन्ये (manye) - I think, I believe, I consider

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - extremely difficult (difficult to do, hard to perform)

• द्विज (dvija) - O Sanjaya (or Dhritarashtra, to whom Sanjaya is speaking) (O Brahmin, O twice-born one)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, certainly, also

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अन्यान् (anyān) - other, different

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends, well-wishers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher, good-hearted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)

पुत्रपौत्रान् (putrapautrān) - sons and grandsons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putrapautra

putrapautra - sons and grandsons

Compound type : dvandva (putra+pautra)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• pautra – grandson
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पातितान् (pātitān) - fallen (in battle), slain (fallen, thrown down, slain)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pātita

pātita - fallen, thrown down, caused to fall, slain

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from the causative stem of root pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru (to hear) with -tvā suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

यत् (yat) - the fact that (that (conjunction), which)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अजहात् (ajahāt) - he abandoned, he gave up, he forsook

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of hā

Root: hā (class 3)

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - his life (lives, breaths, vital airs, life force)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air, energy

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that (fact) (that, that thing)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मन्ये (manye) - I think, I believe, I consider

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Root: man (class 4)

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - extremely difficult (difficult to do, hard to perform)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard to perform, arduous

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
• kara – making, doing, performing (agent noun)
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

द्विज (dvija) - O Sanjaya (or Dhritarashtra, to whom Sanjaya is speaking) (O Brahmin, O twice-born one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born, Brahmin, bird, tooth

Compound: dvi (twice) + ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  indeclinable
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  suffix
  Derived from root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)