महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-1, verse-43

विप्रद्रुतानहं मन्ये निमग्नः शोकसागरे ।
प्लवमानान्हते द्रोणे सन्ननौकानिवार्णवे ॥४३॥

43. vipradrutānahaṁ manye nimagnaḥ śokasāgare ,
plavamānānhate droṇe sannanaukānivārṇave.

43. vipradrutān aham manye nimagnaḥ śokasāgare
plavamānān hate droṇe sannanaokān iva arṇave

43. aham śokasāgare nimagnaḥ droṇe hate plavamānān
arṇave sannanaokān iva vipradrutān manye

43. I myself am submerged in an ocean of sorrow. I imagine my people, scattered and adrift when Drona was slain, like foundering ships in the ocean.

Words meanings summery:

• विप्रद्रुतान् (vipradrutān) - my people, the Kaurava army, scattered in disarray (scattered, fled (accusative plural masculine))

• अहम् (aham) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the speaker) (I)

• मन्ये (manye) - I think, I believe, I consider

• निमग्नः (nimagnaḥ) - immersed in sorrow (submerged, drowned, immersed)

• शोकसागरे (śokasāgare) - in the ocean of sorrow

• प्लवमानान् (plavamānān) - floating helplessly (floating, drifting, swimming (accusative plural masculine))

• हते (hate) - when killed, slain

• द्रोणे (droṇe) - when Drona

• सन्ननओकान् (sannanaokān) - like foundering ships, ships with broken masts

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अर्णवे (arṇave) - in the ocean, in the sea

Words meanings and morphology

विप्रद्रुतान् (vipradrutān) - my people, the Kaurava army, scattered in disarray (scattered, fled (accusative plural masculine))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vipradruta

vipradruta - scattered, fled, run away

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'vi' + 'pra' + root √dru ('to run').

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: √dru (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'māmakāḥ' (my people) from previous verses, implied object of 'manye'.

अहम् (aham) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the speaker) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I (first person singular pronoun)

मन्ये (manye) - I think, I believe, I consider

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Middle Voice

1st person singular, present tense, middle voice.

Root: √man (class 4)

निमग्नः (nimagnaḥ) - immersed in sorrow (submerged, drowned, immersed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nimagna

nimagna - submerged, immersed, sunk, drowned

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'ni' + root √maj ('to sink, plunge').

Prefix: ni

Root: √maj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.

शोकसागरे (śokasāgare) - in the ocean of sorrow

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śokasāgara

śokasāgara - ocean of sorrow, sea of grief

Compound type : karmadhāraya or tatpuruṣa (śoka+sāgara)

• śoka – sorrow, grief
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √śuc (class 1)
• sāgara – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)

प्लवमानान् (plavamānān) - floating helplessly (floating, drifting, swimming (accusative plural masculine))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of plavamāna

plavamāna - floating, swimming, drifting

Present Middle Participle (śānac)

From root √plu ('to float, swim').

Root: √plu (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied 'māmakāḥ' (my people).

हते (hate) - when killed, slain

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

From root √han ('to strike, kill').

Root: √han (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'droṇe'.

द्रोणे (droṇe) - when Drona

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of the teacher)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'hate'.

सन्ननओकान् (sannanaokān) - like foundering ships, ships with broken masts

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sannanaokā

sannanaokā - a ship whose rigging is broken, a foundering ship, a sinking ship

Compound of 'sanna' (broken, sunken) and 'naokā' (ship).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sanna+naokā)

• sanna – sunken, broken, exhausted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix 'sam' + root √sad ('to sit down, sink').
  Prefix: sam
  Root: √sad (class 1)
• naokā – ship, boat
  noun (feminine)

Note: Used as an adjective or noun in apposition to describe the state of 'my people', taking their gender/number/case.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

अर्णवे (arṇave) - in the ocean, in the sea

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of arṇava

arṇava - ocean, sea, flood

Note: Location for the comparison.