महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-1, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततो द्रोणे हते राजन्दुर्योधनमुखा नृपाः ।
भृशमुद्विग्नमनसो द्रोणपुत्रमुपागमन् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tato droṇe hate rājanduryodhanamukhā nṛpāḥ ,
bhṛśamudvignamanaso droṇaputramupāgaman.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ droṇe hate rājan duryodhanamukhāḥ
nṛpāḥ bhṛśam udvignamanasaḥ droṇaputram upāgaman

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca rājan tataḥ droṇe hate duryodhanamukhāḥ nṛpāḥ bhṛśam udvignamanasaḥ droṇaputram upāgaman.

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Then, O King, after Droṇa had been slain, the kings, led by Duryodhana and with greatly agitated minds, approached Droṇa's son.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• द्रोणे (droṇe) - when Droṇa (was slain) (in Droṇa, when Droṇa (was))

• हते (hate) - when (he was) slain (slain, killed, struck)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Janamejaya (addressed by Vaiśaṃpāyana) (O King)

• दुर्योधनमुखाः (duryodhanamukhāḥ) - headed by Duryodhana, with Duryodhana as chief

• नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - kings, rulers

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, excessively, vehemently

• उद्विग्नमनसः (udvignamanasaḥ) - with agitated minds, having disturbed minds

• द्रोणपुत्रम् (droṇaputram) - to Aśvatthāman (to Droṇa's son)

• उपागमन् (upāgaman) - approached

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (a proper name, the narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

द्रोणे (droṇe) - when Droṇa (was slain) (in Droṇa, when Droṇa (was))

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (a proper name, the Kaurava general and guru)

हते (hate) - when (he was) slain (slain, killed, struck)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han with suffix -kta

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'droṇe'

राजन् (rājan) - O King Janamejaya (addressed by Vaiśaṃpāyana) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

दुर्योधनमुखाः (duryodhanamukhāḥ) - headed by Duryodhana, with Duryodhana as chief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duryodhanamukha

duryodhanamukha - having Duryodhana as their chief

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (duryodhana+mukha)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (a proper name, the eldest Kaurava prince)
  proper noun (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, chief, front, leader
  noun (neuter)

नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, excessively, vehemently

(indeclinable)

उद्विग्नमनसः (udvignamanasaḥ) - with agitated minds, having disturbed minds

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of udvignamanas

udvignamanas - having an agitated mind

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udvigna+manas)

• udvigna – agitated, disturbed, trembling
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vij with upasarga ud and suffix -kta
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vij (class 6)
• manas – mind, intellect, heart
  noun (neuter)

द्रोणपुत्रम् (droṇaputram) - to Aśvatthāman (to Droṇa's son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Droṇa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Droṇa (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

उपागमन् (upāgaman) - approached

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)