महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-1, verse-28

संपूज्य च यथान्यायं धृतराष्ट्रं महीपतिम् ।
हा कष्टमिति चोक्त्वा स ततो वचनमाददे ॥२८॥

28. saṁpūjya ca yathānyāyaṁ dhṛtarāṣṭraṁ mahīpatim ,
hā kaṣṭamiti coktvā sa tato vacanamādade.

28. sampūjya ca yathānyāyam dhṛtarāṣṭram mahīpatim
hā kaṣṭam iti ca uktvā saḥ tataḥ vacanam ādade

28. saḥ dhṛtarāṣṭram mahīpatim yathānyāyam sampūjya
ca hā kaṣṭam iti ca uktvā tataḥ vacanam ādade

28. After properly honoring King Dhritarashtra, and exclaiming, "Alas, what a misfortune!", he then spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• सम्पूज्य (sampūjya) - having honored, having worshipped

• च (ca) - and, also

• यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - according to justice, properly, rightly

• धृतराष्ट्रम् (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - Dhritarashtra

• महीपतिम् (mahīpatim) - the king, lord of the earth

• हा (hā) - alas! ah! (exclamation of sorrow)

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - misfortune, trouble, sorrow

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (quotation marker)

• च (ca) - and, also

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from there

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

• आददे (ādade) - he took, he uttered

Words meanings and morphology

सम्पूज्य (sampūjya) - having honored, having worshipped

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root `pūj` with prefix `sam-`, suffix `-ya` (absolutive).

Prefix: sam

Root: pūj (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - according to justice, properly, rightly

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound acting as an adverb.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+nyāya)

• yathā – as, according to
  indeclinable
• nyāya – justice, rule, method
  noun (masculine)

धृतराष्ट्रम् (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (a proper name, lit. 'one who has held the kingdom')

Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'he who has held the kingdom'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `dhṛ` (to hold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

महीपतिम् (mahīpatim) - the king, lord of the earth

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, lord of the earth

Tatpurusha compound: `mahī` (earth) + `pati` (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

हा (hā) - alas! ah! (exclamation of sorrow)

(indeclinable)

Interjection.

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - misfortune, trouble, sorrow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - misfortune, trouble, suffering, difficulty

Note: Used here as an exclamation.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

Particle used to mark quotations or emphasize a preceding word/phrase.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root `vac` (to speak) with suffix `-tvā`. The `v` often changes to `u` before `k`.

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine of `tad`.

Note: Refers to Sanjaya.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from there

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva derivative from `tad`.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying

Derived from root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

आददे (ādade) - he took, he uttered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of ādā

Perfect tense, Middle voice, 3rd person singular

From root `dā` (to give/take) with prefix `ā-`. Perfect tense (`liṭ`).

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)