महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-1, verse-19

स श्रुत्वा निहतं कर्णं दुर्योधनहितैषिणम् ।
कथं द्विजवर प्राणानधारयत दुःखितः ॥१९॥

19. sa śrutvā nihataṁ karṇaṁ duryodhanahitaiṣiṇam ,
kathaṁ dvijavara prāṇānadhārayata duḥkhitaḥ.

19. saḥ śrutvā nihatam karṇam duryodhanahitaiṣiṇam
katham dvijavara prāṇān adhārayata duḥkhitaḥ

19. How, O best among the twice-born (dvija), did that distressed king, having heard that Karṇa, the well-wisher of Duryodhana, had been killed, manage to sustain his life (prāṇa)?

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (from the previous verse) (he, that)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed, struck down

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa, the son of Kuntī and Sūrya (Karṇa (proper name))

• दुर्योधनहितैषिणम् (duryodhanahitaiṣiṇam) - well-wisher of Duryodhana, desiring Duryodhana's welfare

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

• द्विजवर (dvijavara) - O Vaiśampāyana (the narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya) (O best of the twice-born (dvija), O best of Brahmins)

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - vital breaths, life, life-force

• अधारयत (adhārayata) - sustained, held, retained, supported

• दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy, afflicted

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (from the previous verse) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root śru with the suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed, struck down

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root han with prefix ni and suffix -ta.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'karṇam'.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa, the son of Kuntī and Sūrya (Karṇa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karṇa (proper name of a hero in Mahābhārata)

दुर्योधनहितैषिणम् (duryodhanahitaiṣiṇam) - well-wisher of Duryodhana, desiring Duryodhana's welfare

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhanahitaiṣin

duryodhanahitaiṣin - wishing well for Duryodhana, devoted to Duryodhana's welfare

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duryodhana+hita+eṣin)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (proper name of the eldest Kaurava)
  proper noun (masculine)
• hita – benefit, welfare, good; beneficial, dear
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhā with prefix hi, used as a noun/adjective.
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• eṣin – seeking, desiring, wishing
  agent noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root iṣ with suffix -in.
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'karṇam'.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

(indeclinable)

द्विजवर (dvijavara) - O Vaiśampāyana (the narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya) (O best of the twice-born (dvija), O best of Brahmins)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijavara

dvijavara - best of the twice-born (Brahmins, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas); best among Brahmins

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+vara)

• dvija – twice-born (a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth)
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, chief, boon
  adjective (masculine)

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - vital breaths, life, life-force

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life-force, spirit

Root: an (class 2)

अधारयत (adhārayata) - sustained, held, retained, supported

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dhārayata

Imperfect Active, 3rd Person Singular (Causative stem)

From the causative stem of the root dhṛ (to hold).

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy, afflicted

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy, afflicted with pain

Past Passive Participle

From the root dukh with suffix -ita.

Root: dukh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' (Dhṛtarāṣṭra).