महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-73, verse-8

दृष्ट्वैवाभिपतन्तं तं शूरः परपुरंजयः ।
उवाच सूतं शैनेयः प्रहसन्युद्धदुर्मदः ॥८॥

8. dṛṣṭvaivābhipatantaṁ taṁ śūraḥ parapuraṁjayaḥ ,
uvāca sūtaṁ śaineyaḥ prahasanyuddhadurmadaḥ.

8. dṛṣṭvā eva abhipatantam tam śūraḥ parapurajayaḥ
uvāca sūtam śaineyaḥ prahasan yuddhadurmadaḥ

8. śūraḥ parapurajayaḥ yuddhadurmadaḥ śaineyaḥ
dṛṣṭvā eva tam abhipatantam prahasan sūtam uvāca

8. The hero Satyaki (Śaineya), conqueror of enemy cities and furious in battle, having seen him (Drona) rushing forth, laughed and spoke to his charioteer.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• एव (eva) - just, only, indeed, certainly

• अभिपतन्तम् (abhipatantam) - rushing towards, attacking, falling upon

• तम् (tam) - Drona (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - Satyaki (hero, valiant warrior)

• परपुरजयः (parapurajayaḥ) - epithet for Satyaki (conqueror of enemy cities)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer

• शैनेयः (śaineyaḥ) - Satyaki (son of Śini, i.e., Satyaki)

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

• युद्धदुर्मदः (yuddhadurmadaḥ) - epithet for Satyaki (furious/intoxicated in battle)

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -ktvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adverbial participle.

एव (eva) - just, only, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Particle

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

अभिपतन्तम् (abhipatantam) - rushing towards, attacking, falling upon

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhipatat

abhipatat - rushing towards, attacking, falling upon

present active participle

From root pat with prefix abhi-.

Prefix: abhi

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'tam' (him, Drona).

तम् (tam) - Drona (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Note: Refers to Drona.

शूरः (śūraḥ) - Satyaki (hero, valiant warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - hero, valiant, brave

Note: Subject, refers to Śaineya (Satyaki).

परपुरजयः (parapurajayaḥ) - epithet for Satyaki (conqueror of enemy cities)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parapurajaya

parapurajaya - conqueror of enemy cities

agent noun suffix (-jaya from ji)

Formed from para (enemy) + pura (city) + jaya (conqueror).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+pura+jaya)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  adjective
• pura – city, town, fortress
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Satyaki.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense

Third person singular perfect active of vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, son (of a kṣatriya by a brāhmaṇī)

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object of the verb 'uvāca'.

शैनेयः (śaineyaḥ) - Satyaki (son of Śini, i.e., Satyaki)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaineya

śaineya - descendant of Śini, belonging to Śini (e.g., Satyaki)

patronymic

From Śini + eya.

Note: Subject of the verb 'uvāca'.

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasat

prahasat - laughing, smiling

present active participle

From root has with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying Śaineya.

युद्धदुर्मदः (yuddhadurmadaḥ) - epithet for Satyaki (furious/intoxicated in battle)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuddhadurmada

yuddhadurmada - furious in battle, intoxicated with battle-rage

From yuddha (battle) + durmada (furious, hard to restrain).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yuddha+durmada)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  past passive participle
  From root yudh
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• durmada – hard to restrain, furious, intoxicated
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: dur
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Epithet for Satyaki.