महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-73, verse-17

उभयोस्तौ रथौ राजंस्ते चाश्वास्तौ च सारथी ।
रुक्मपुङ्खैः शरैश्छन्नाश्चित्ररूपा बभुस्तदा ॥१७॥

17. ubhayostau rathau rājaṁste cāśvāstau ca sārathī ,
rukmapuṅkhaiḥ śaraiśchannāścitrarūpā babhustadā.

17. ubhayoḥ tau rathau rājan te ca aśvāḥ tau ca sārathī
rukmapuṅkhaiḥ śaraiḥ channāḥ citrarūpā babhuḥ tadā

17. rājan,
tadā ubhayoḥ tau rathau,
te aśvāḥ ca,
tau sārathī ca,
rukmapuṅkhaiḥ śaraiḥ channāḥ citrarūpā babhuḥ

17. O King, then those two chariots belonging to both of them, those horses, and those two charioteers, covered by gold-feathered arrows, shone with variegated appearances.

Words meanings summery:

• उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of the two combatants (of both)

• तौ (tau) - those two

• रथौ (rathau) - chariots (two)

• राजन् (rājan) - addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• ते (te) - those

• च (ca) - and

• अश्वाः (aśvāḥ) - horses

• तौ (tau) - those two

• च (ca) - and

• सारथी (sārathī) - charioteers (two)

• रुक्मपुङ्खैः (rukmapuṅkhaiḥ) - by gold-feathered, with golden shafts

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• छन्नाः (channāḥ) - covered, concealed, overwhelmed

• चित्ररूपा (citrarūpā) - having variegated forms, wondrous in appearance

• बभुः (babhuḥ) - shone, appeared

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of the two combatants (of both)

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of ubhaya

ubhaya - both

Note: Refers to the two main combatants involved in the description.

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with rathau.

रथौ (rathau) - chariots (two)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ratha

ratha - chariot

Root: ram

राजन् (rājan) - addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with aśvāḥ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अश्वाः (aśvāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with sārathī.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सारथी (sārathī) - charioteers (two)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

Note: Dual form, referring to the two charioteers of the principal combatants.

रुक्मपुङ्खैः (rukmapuṅkhaiḥ) - by gold-feathered, with golden shafts

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rukmapuṅkha

rukmapuṅkha - having golden shafts or feathers (of arrows)

Bahuvrīhi compound: rukma (gold) + puṅkha (shaft, feather of an arrow)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rukma+puṅkha)

• rukma – gold, golden, brilliant
  noun (neuter)
• puṅkha – feather or shaft of an arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with śaraiḥ.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

छन्नाः (channāḥ) - covered, concealed, overwhelmed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of channa

channa - covered, concealed, hidden, overwhelmed

Past Passive Participle

From root chad (to cover)

Root: chad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the collective subject (chariots, horses, charioteers).

चित्ररूपा (citrarūpā) - having variegated forms, wondrous in appearance

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of citrarūpa

citrarūpa - having various forms or colors, wondrously shaped, beautiful in form

Bahuvrīhi compound: citra (various, wonderful) + rūpa (form, appearance)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (citra+rūpa)

• citra – bright, clear, varied, wonderful, strange
  adjective (neuter)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with the collective subject (chariots, horses, charioteers).

बभुः (babhuḥ) - shone, appeared

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Perfect Active

Perfect active 3rd plural of √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)