महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-73, verse-51

दुःशासनं पुरस्कृत्य राजपुत्राः सहस्रशः ।
द्रोणमभ्युपपद्यन्त सपत्नैः परिवारितम् ॥५१॥

51. duḥśāsanaṁ puraskṛtya rājaputrāḥ sahasraśaḥ ,
droṇamabhyupapadyanta sapatnaiḥ parivāritam.

51. duḥśāsanam puraskṛtya rājaputrāḥ sahasraśaḥ
droṇam abhyupapadyanta sapatnaiḥ parivāritam

51. sahasraśaḥ rājaputrāḥ duḥśāsanam puraskṛtya
sapatnaiḥ parivāritam droṇam abhyupapadyanta

51. With Duḥśāsana at their forefront, thousands of princes advanced towards Droṇa, who was surrounded by enemies.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - Duḥśāsana

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front, making prominent, leading

• राजपुत्राः (rājaputrāḥ) - princes, sons of kings

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - to Droṇa

• अभ्युपपद्यन्त (abhyupapadyanta) - they approached, they came to

• सपत्नैः (sapatnaiḥ) - by enemies, by rivals

• परिवारितम् (parivāritam) - surrounded, encompassed

Words meanings and morphology

दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - Duḥśāsana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (one of the Kaurava brothers)

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front, making prominent, leading

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) formed from root 'kṛ' with prefix 'puras-' (in front of), meaning 'having placed in front' or 'leading'.

Prefix: puras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form.

राजपुत्राः (rājaputrāḥ) - princes, sons of kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājaputra

rājaputra - king's son, prince

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

(indeclinable)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - to Droṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of the teacher of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas)

अभ्युपपद्यन्त (abhyupapadyanta) - they approached, they came to

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of pad

Prefixes: abhi+upa

Root: pad (class 4)

सपत्नैः (sapatnaiḥ) - by enemies, by rivals

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sapatna

sapatna - rival, enemy, co-wife

परिवारितम् (parivāritam) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛ

vṛ - to cover, to surround, to choose

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'vṛ' (to cover) with prefix 'pari-' (around), meaning 'surrounded'.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Past Passive Participle, here modifying 'Droṇam'.