महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-73, verse-23

रथिनो हस्तियन्तारो हयारोहाः पदातयः ।
अवैक्षन्ताचलैर्नेत्रैः परिवार्य रथर्षभौ ॥२३॥

23. rathino hastiyantāro hayārohāḥ padātayaḥ ,
avaikṣantācalairnetraiḥ parivārya ratharṣabhau.

23. rathinaḥ hastiyantāraḥ hayārohāḥ padātayaḥ
avaikṣanta acalaiḥ netraiḥ parivārya ratharṣabhau

23. rathinaḥ hastiyantāraḥ hayārohāḥ padātayaḥ ratharṣabhau parivārya acalaiḥ netraiḥ avaikṣanta.

23. The charioteers, elephant-riders, cavalry, and infantry surrounded the two chief charioteers and watched with unwavering eyes.

Words meanings summery:

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, those having chariots

• हस्तियन्तारः (hastiyantāraḥ) - elephant drivers, mahouts

• हयारोहाः (hayārohāḥ) - horse-riders, cavalry

• पदातयः (padātayaḥ) - foot-soldiers, infantry

• अवैक्षन्त (avaikṣanta) - they watched, they observed

• अचलैह् (acalaih) - with unmoving, with steady, with firm

• नेत्रैः (netraiḥ) - with eyes

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, having encompassed

• रथर्षभौ (ratharṣabhau) - the two chief charioteers, the two excellent charioteers

Words meanings and morphology

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, those having chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, mounted on a car

Formed from ratha (chariot) + -in (possessive suffix)

हस्तियन्तारः (hastiyantāraḥ) - elephant drivers, mahouts

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hastiyantṛ

hastiyantṛ - elephant driver, mahout

Agent noun from √yam with prefix `hasta`

Compound of hasta (elephant) + yantṛ (driver).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hastin+yantṛ)

• hastin – elephant, having hands
  noun (masculine)
• yantṛ – driver, controller, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From √yam (to control, restrain) + tṛc
  Root: yam (class 1)

हयारोहाः (hayārohāḥ) - horse-riders, cavalry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hayāroha

hayāroha - horseman, cavalryman, rider of a horse

Compound of haya (horse) + āroha (rider, from √ruh with ā).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+āroha)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – rider, mounting, ascent
  noun (masculine)
  From √ruh (to rise, ascend) with upasarga ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

पदातयः (padātayaḥ) - foot-soldiers, infantry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of padāti

padāti - foot-soldier, infantryman, pedestrian

Derived from pada (foot)

अवैक्षन्त (avaikṣanta) - they watched, they observed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of avekṣ

Imperfect

From √īkṣ (to see) with upasarga ava.

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

अचलैह् (acalaih) - with unmoving, with steady, with firm

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of acala

acala - unmoving, immovable, steady, firm

Negative compound: a (not) + cala (moving).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cala)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• cala – moving, trembling, wavering
  adjective
  From √cal (to move)
  Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'netraiḥ'.

नेत्रैः (netraiḥ) - with eyes

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of netra

netra - eye, leader

From √nī (to lead) + tra (instrument suffix).

Root: nī (class 1)

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, having encompassed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From √vṛ (to cover, encompass) with upasargas pari and ā, suffix -ya.

Prefixes: pari+ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Acts as an indeclinable participle, expressing an action prior to the main verb.

रथर्षभौ (ratharṣabhau) - the two chief charioteers, the two excellent charioteers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of ratharṣabha

ratharṣabha - chief of charioteers, excellent charioteer

Tatpurusha compound: ratha (chariot) + ṛṣabha (bull, best of).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+ṛṣabha)

• ratha – chariot, car, vehicle
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'parivārya'.