महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-73, verse-53

सर्वमाविग्नमभवन्न प्राज्ञायत किंचन ।
सैन्येन रजसा ध्वस्ते निर्मर्यादमवर्तत ॥५३॥

53. sarvamāvignamabhavanna prājñāyata kiṁcana ,
sainyena rajasā dhvaste nirmaryādamavartata.

53. sarvam āviḻgnam abhavat na prājñāyata kiñcana
sainyena rajasā dhvaste nirmaryādam avartata

53. sarvam āviḻgnam abhavat kiñcana na prājñāyata
rajasā dhvaste sainyena nirmaryādam avartata

53. Everything became agitated, and nothing could be discerned. As the army was obscured by dust, the battle proceeded without order.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything, all

• आविḻग्नम् (āviḻgnam) - agitated, disturbed, bewildered

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it became, it happened, it was

• न (na) - not

• प्राज्ञायत (prājñāyata) - it was known, it was recognized, it was discerned

• किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything, something

• सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army

• रजसा (rajasā) - by dust, with dust

• ध्वस्ते (dhvaste) - obscured, destroyed, scattered

• निर्मर्यादम् (nirmaryādam) - without boundaries, without order, chaotically

• अवर्तत (avartata) - it proceeded, it happened, it was carried on

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything, all

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

आविḻग्नम् (āviḻgnam) - agitated, disturbed, bewildered

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āviḻgna

āviḻgna - agitated, disturbed, bewildered

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'vij' (to tremble, to be agitated) with prefix 'ā-' (thoroughly).

Prefix: ā

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'sarvam'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - it became, it happened, it was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

प्राज्ञायत (prājñāyata) - it was known, it was recognized, it was discerned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperfect (laṅ) of jñā

Prefixes: pra+ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Imperfect, 3rd person singular, passive voice.

किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything, something

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiñcana

kiñcana - anything, something

सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, military force

रजसा (rajasā) - by dust, with dust

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, mist, atmosphere

Root: rañj

ध्वस्ते (dhvaste) - obscured, destroyed, scattered

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of dhvasta

dhvasta - obscured, destroyed, scattered, fallen

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'dhvaṃs' (to fall, to perish, to be scattered).

Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle, locative singular. It describes the state or circumstance of the army being obscured by dust, forming part of a locative absolute-like construction.

निर्मर्यादम् (nirmaryādam) - without boundaries, without order, chaotically

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayibhāva (nir+maryādā)

• nir – without, free from
  indeclinable
• maryādā – boundary, limit, order, rule
  noun (feminine)
  Root: mṛ

Note: Used adverbially to describe how the action ('avartata') proceeded.

अवर्तत (avartata) - it proceeded, it happened, it was carried on

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)