महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-73, verse-39

तुतोषास्त्रविदां श्रेष्ठस्तथा देवाः सवासवाः ।
न तामालक्षयामासुर्लघुतां शीघ्रकारिणः ॥३९॥

39. tutoṣāstravidāṁ śreṣṭhastathā devāḥ savāsavāḥ ,
na tāmālakṣayāmāsurlaghutāṁ śīghrakāriṇaḥ.

39. tutoṣa astravidām śreṣṭhaḥ tathā devāḥ savāsavāḥ
na tām ālakṣayāmāsuḥ laghutām śīghrakāriṇaḥ

39. astravidām śreṣṭhaḥ tutoṣa tathā savāsavāḥ devāḥ
na tām ālakṣayāmāsuḥ laghutām śīghrakāriṇaḥ

39. The foremost among weapon-experts was pleased, and similarly, the gods, along with Indra (Vasava), were also pleased. Yet, they could not discern that swiftness (lāghava) of the swift-acting one.

Words meanings summery:

• तुतोष (tutoṣa) - Drona was pleased (he was pleased, he rejoiced)

• अस्त्रविदाम् (astravidām) - of those knowing weapons, of weapon-experts

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - Drona (who is the best weapon-expert) (best, foremost, most excellent)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly, and

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

• सवासवाः (savāsavāḥ) - with Vasava, accompanied by Indra

• न (na) - not, no

• ताम् (tām) - that swiftness (lāghutām) (her, that)

• आलक्षयामासुः (ālakṣayāmāsuḥ) - they perceived, they noticed, they discerned

• लघुताम् (laghutām) - the skill or quickness of action (lightness, swiftness, dexterity)

• शीघ्रकारिणः (śīghrakāriṇaḥ) - of the swift-acting one (Arjuna or Kṛṣṇa) (of the swift-doer, of the one who acts quickly)

Words meanings and morphology

तुतोष (tutoṣa) - Drona was pleased (he was pleased, he rejoiced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of tuṣ

perfect tense

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

अस्त्रविदाम् (astravidām) - of those knowing weapons, of weapon-experts

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of astravid

astravid - weapon-expert, knowing weapons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (astra+vid)

• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knowing, expert
  adjective (masculine)
  derived from root vid
  Root: vid (class 2)

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - Drona (who is the best weapon-expert) (best, foremost, most excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, foremost, excellent

superlative of praśasta

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly, and

(indeclinable)

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

सवासवाः (savāsavāḥ) - with Vasava, accompanied by Indra

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of savāsava

savāsava - accompanied by Vasava (Indra)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+vāsava)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  prefix meaning 'with'
• vāsava – Indra, chief of the gods
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Acts as an adjective for 'devāḥ'

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - that swiftness (lāghutām) (her, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'laghutām'

आलक्षयामासुः (ālakṣayāmāsuḥ) - they perceived, they noticed, they discerned

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of lakṣ

perfect tense of the causal stem

Prefix: ā

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

लघुताम् (laghutām) - the skill or quickness of action (lightness, swiftness, dexterity)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laghutā

laghutā - lightness, swiftness, dexterity

derived from laghu + tā (abstract suffix)

शीघ्रकारिणः (śīghrakāriṇaḥ) - of the swift-acting one (Arjuna or Kṛṣṇa) (of the swift-doer, of the one who acts quickly)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śīghrakārin

śīghrakārin - swift-doer, quick-acting

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śīghra+kārin)

• śīghra – swift, quick
  adjective (masculine)
• kārin – doer, maker, acting
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun from kṛ
  agent suffix -in
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the person whose swiftness is being described.