महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-48, verse-9

ततो दौःशासनिः क्रुद्धो गदामुद्यम्य मारिष ।
अभिदुद्राव सौभद्रं तिष्ठ तिष्ठेति चाब्रवीत् ॥९॥

9. tato dauḥśāsaniḥ kruddho gadāmudyamya māriṣa ,
abhidudrāva saubhadraṁ tiṣṭha tiṣṭheti cābravīt.

9. tataḥ dauḥśāsaniḥ kruddhaḥ gadāṃ udyamya māriṣa
abhidudrāva saubhadraṃ tiṣṭha tiṣṭha iti ca abravīt

9. ततः मारिष,
क्रुद्धः दौःशासनिः गदां उद्यम्य सौभद्रं अभिदुद्राव च "तिष्ठ तिष्ठ" इति अब्रवीत्

9. Then, enraged, Dushasana's son, having raised his mace, O respected one, rushed towards Abhimanyu and exclaimed, 'Stop! Stop!'

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• दौःशासनिः (dauḥśāsaniḥ) - the son of Dushasana (Dushasana's son, son of Dushasana)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (angry, enraged)

• गदां (gadāṁ) - mace

• उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having raised, having lifted up

• मारिष (māriṣa) - O respected one (vocative, addressing the listener/reader) (O respected one, O noble one, Sir)

• अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - he rushed towards, he ran to

• सौभद्रं (saubhadraṁ) - Abhimanyu (Abhimanyu, son of Subhadra)

• तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - stop! (stop!, stand!)

• तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - stop! (stop!, stand!)

• इति (iti) - (indicating direct speech) (thus, so, (quotes))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said (he said, he spoke)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence.

दौःशासनिः (dauḥśāsaniḥ) - the son of Dushasana (Dushasana's son, son of Dushasana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dauḥśāsani

dauḥśāsani - son of Dushasana

Patronymic from Duḥśāsana.

Note: Refers to Dushasana's son.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (angry, enraged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh- (class 4) + suffix -ta.

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: In agreement with dauḥśāsaniḥ.

गदां (gadāṁ) - mace

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

Note: Object of udyamya.

उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having raised, having lifted up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root yam- (class 1) with prefixes ud-. Formed with -ya suffix (lyap).

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

मारिष (māriṣa) - O respected one (vocative, addressing the listener/reader) (O respected one, O noble one, Sir)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - respected sir, venerable person, noble one

From root mṛṣ (to bear, endure).

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Common in dramatic or narrative contexts.

अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - he rushed towards, he ran to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dru

Perfect, Active Voice

From root dru- (class 1) with prefix abhi-. Perfect (lit) third person singular.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Main action of Dushasana's son.

सौभद्रं (saubhadraṁ) - Abhimanyu (Abhimanyu, son of Subhadra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saubhadra

saubhadra - son of Subhadra (Abhimanyu)

Patronymic from Subhadrā.

Note: Object of abhidudrāva.

तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - stop! (stop!, stand!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

Imperative, Active Voice

From root sthā- (class 1), imperative second person singular.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - stop! (stop!, stand!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

Imperative, Active Voice

From root sthā- (class 1), imperative second person singular.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

इति (iti) - (indicating direct speech) (thus, so, (quotes))

(indeclinable)

Particle.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect, Active Voice

From root brū- (class 2), imperfect third person singular.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb of speech.