महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-48, verse-18

तं भूमौ पतितं दृष्ट्वा तावकास्ते महारथाः ।
मुदा परमया युक्ताश्चुक्रुशुः सिंहवन्मुहुः ॥१८॥

18. taṁ bhūmau patitaṁ dṛṣṭvā tāvakāste mahārathāḥ ,
mudā paramayā yuktāścukruśuḥ siṁhavanmuhuḥ.

18. tam bhūmau patitam dṛṣṭvā tāvakāḥ te mahārathāḥ
mudā paramayā yuktāḥ cukruśuḥ siṃhavat muhuḥ

18. te tāvakāḥ mahārathāḥ tam bhūmau patitam dṛṣṭvā
paramayā mudā yuktāḥ siṃhavat muhuḥ cukruśuḥ

18. When your great charioteers saw him fallen on the ground, they were filled with supreme joy and roared like lions repeatedly.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Bhishma (implied context) (him, that)

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• पतितम् (patitam) - fallen, fallen down

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Duryodhana's side, the Kauravas (your people, yours)

• ते (te) - those, they

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, great warriors

• मुदा (mudā) - with joy, happily

• परमया (paramayā) - supreme, greatest, highest

• युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - endowed with, joined, connected, filled with

• चुक्रुशुः (cukruśuḥ) - they roared, they cried out

• सिंहवत् (siṁhavat) - like a lion, lion-like

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Bhishma (implied context) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the person seen, here Bhishma.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, soil

पतितम् (patitam) - fallen, fallen down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, degraded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall) with suffix -ta.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, qualifying 'tam'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Duryodhana's side, the Kauravas (your people, yours)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you, your people

Derived from 'tava' (your) + suffix 'ka'.

Note: Refers to the Kauravas or those allied with Duryodhana.

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'mahārathāḥ'.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, great warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great charioteer, a great warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (who rides a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence along with 'tāvakāḥ te'.

मुदा (mudā) - with joy, happily

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mudā

mudā - joy, delight, happiness

परमया (paramayā) - supreme, greatest, highest

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, utmost

Note: Qualifies 'mudā'.

युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - endowed with, joined, connected, filled with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, endowed with, engaged in, appropriate

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yuj (to join, connect) with suffix -ta.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'tāvakāḥ te mahārathāḥ'.

चुक्रुशुः (cukruśuḥ) - they roared, they cried out

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of kruś

Perfect Active

Derived from root kruś, 3rd person plural perfect active.

Root: kruś (class 1)

सिंहवत् (siṁhavat) - like a lion, lion-like

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'siṃha' (lion) with suffix '-vat' (like).

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

(indeclinable)