महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-48, verse-31

तं दृष्ट्वा पतितं भूमौ चन्द्रार्कसदृशद्युतिम् ।
तावकानां परा प्रीतिः पाण्डूनां चाभवद्व्यथा ॥३१॥

31. taṁ dṛṣṭvā patitaṁ bhūmau candrārkasadṛśadyutim ,
tāvakānāṁ parā prītiḥ pāṇḍūnāṁ cābhavadvyathā.

31. tam dṛṣṭvā patitam bhūmau candrārkasadṛśadyutim
tāvakānām parā prītiḥ pāṇḍūnām ca abhavat vyathā

31. tam candrārkasadṛśadyutim bhūmau patitam dṛṣṭvā
tāvakānām parā prītiḥ abhavat ca pāṇḍūnām vyathā abhavat

31. Having seen him, fallen on the ground, whose radiance was like the moon and sun, great joy (prīti) arose among your people, and distress (vyathā) for the Pāṇḍavas.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - referring to Abhimanyu (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• पतितम् (patitam) - fallen, having fallen

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• चन्द्रार्कसदृशद्युतिम् (candrārkasadṛśadyutim) - whose splendor is like the moon and sun

• तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's army/kinsmen (Kauravas) (of your people, of yours)

• परा (parā) - great, supreme, excellent

• प्रीतिः (prītiḥ) - joy, affection, love

• पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the Pāṇḍavas, of the sons of Pāṇḍu

• च (ca) - and, also

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

• व्यथा (vyathā) - distress, sorrow, pain

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - referring to Abhimanyu (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of the root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पतितम् (patitam) - fallen, having fallen

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, descended

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the root pat

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

चन्द्रार्कसदृशद्युतिम् (candrārkasadṛśadyutim) - whose splendor is like the moon and sun

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of candrārkasadṛśadyuti

candrārkasadṛśadyuti - having splendor like the moon and sun

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (candra+arka+sadṛśa+dyuti)

• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)
• arka – sun, ray, praise
  noun (masculine)
  Root: arc (class 1)
• sadṛśa – like, similar, resembling
  adjective
  Prefix: sa
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• dyuti – splendor, brilliance, radiance, light
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dyut (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's army/kinsmen (Kauravas) (of your people, of yours)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, relating to you, your people

परा (parā) - great, supreme, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, excellent, other, ultimate

Note: Agrees with 'prītiḥ'.

प्रीतिः (prītiḥ) - joy, affection, love

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - joy, pleasure, affection, love

Root: prī (class 9)

पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the Pāṇḍavas, of the sons of Pāṇḍu

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pāṇḍu (name of a king), descendant of Pāṇḍu

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

व्यथा (vyathā) - distress, sorrow, pain

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vyathā

vyathā - distress, pain, sorrow, fear, agitation

Root: vyath (class 1)