महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-48, verse-15

तं तथा पतितं शूरं तावकाः पर्यवारयन् ।
दावं दग्ध्वा यथा शान्तं पावकं शिशिरात्यये ॥१५॥

15. taṁ tathā patitaṁ śūraṁ tāvakāḥ paryavārayan ,
dāvaṁ dagdhvā yathā śāntaṁ pāvakaṁ śiśirātyaye.

15. tam tathā patitam śūram tāvakāḥ paryavārayan
dāvam dagdhvā yathā śāntam pāvakam śiśirātyaye

15. tāvakāḥ tathā patitam śūram paryavārayan
yathā śiśirātyaye dāvam dagdhvā śāntam pāvakam

15. Your warriors surrounded that hero, thus fallen, just as one might gather around a fire that has subsided after consuming a great forest at the end of winter.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Refers to the hero mentioned in the previous verse. (him, that)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• पतितम् (patitam) - fallen, dropped, descended

• शूरम् (śūram) - Refers to the hero who has fallen. (hero, warrior, brave man)

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's men, the Kauravas (or their allies). (your people, your men, those belonging to you)

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - surrounded, encircled

• दावम् (dāvam) - Refers to a widespread forest fire. (forest fire, conflagration, forest)

• दग्ध्वा (dagdhvā) - having burnt, having consumed

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in the manner that

• शान्तम् (śāntam) - Referring to a fire that has died down. (appeased, calmed, extinguished, subsided)

• पावकम् (pāvakam) - Refers to the forest fire itself, now subsided. (fire, pure, purifying)

• शिशिरात्यये (śiśirātyaye) - at the end of winter

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Refers to the hero mentioned in the previous verse. (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to śūram.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Qualifies patitam.

पतितम् (patitam) - fallen, dropped, descended

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, degraded

Past Passive Participle

From root pat (to fall) with suffix kta.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śūram.

शूरम् (śūram) - Refers to the hero who has fallen. (hero, warrior, brave man)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, brave, powerful

Note: Object of paryavārayan.

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's men, the Kauravas (or their allies). (your people, your men, those belonging to you)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you, your people/men

Formed from yuṣmad (you) with ṇvul suffix.

Note: Subject of paryavārayan.

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - surrounded, encircled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paryavṛ

Imperfect Active, from root vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefixes pari and ava. Causative stem.

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

दावम् (dāvam) - Refers to a widespread forest fire. (forest fire, conflagration, forest)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dāva

dāva - forest fire, a forest

Root: du (class 9)

Note: Object of dagdhvā.

दग्ध्वा (dagdhvā) - having burnt, having consumed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dah (to burn) with suffix tvā. h becomes gh before dh.

Root: dah (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in the manner that

(indeclinable)

शान्तम् (śāntam) - Referring to a fire that has died down. (appeased, calmed, extinguished, subsided)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śānta

śānta - calmed, quieted, ceased, extinguished, peaceful

Past Passive Participle

From root śam (to be calm, cease) with suffix kta.

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Agrees with pāvakam.

पावकम् (pāvakam) - Refers to the forest fire itself, now subsided. (fire, pure, purifying)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāvaka

pāvaka - fire, pure, purifying, Agni

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Object of implied 'surrounded'.

शिशिरात्यये (śiśirātyaye) - at the end of winter

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śiśirātyaya

śiśirātyaya - end of winter, close of the cold season

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śiśira+atyaya)

• śiśira – cold, cool, dewy season, winter
  noun (masculine)
• atyaya – end, passing away, expiration
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ati
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Time adverbial.