महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-20, verse-5

ततः सत्यजितं तीक्ष्णैर्दशभिर्मर्मभेदिभिः ।
अविध्यच्छीघ्रमाचार्यश्छित्त्वास्य सशरं धनुः ॥५॥

5. tataḥ satyajitaṁ tīkṣṇairdaśabhirmarmabhedibhiḥ ,
avidhyacchīghramācāryaśchittvāsya saśaraṁ dhanuḥ.

5. tataḥ satyajitaṃ tīkṣṇaiḥ daśabhiḥ marmabhedibhiḥ
avidhyat śīghram ācāryaḥ chittvā asya saśaraṃ dhanuḥ

5. tataḥ ācāryaḥ asya saśaraṃ dhanuḥ chittvā tīkṣṇaiḥ
daśabhiḥ marmabhedibhiḥ satyajitaṃ śīghram avidhyat

5. Then the teacher Drona quickly struck Satyajit with ten sharp, vital-spot-piercing arrows, after first cutting his (Satyajit's) bow that was equipped with arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• सत्यजितं (satyajitaṁ) - Satyajit

• तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp arrows (with sharp (arrows))

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten arrows (with ten (arrows))

• मर्मभेदिभिः (marmabhedibhiḥ) - with vital-spot-piercing arrows (with vital-spot-piercing (arrows))

• अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - he pierced, he struck

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

• आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - the teacher Drona (the teacher)

• छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut, after cutting

• अस्य (asya) - Satyajit's (his)

• सशरं (saśaraṁ) - equipped with arrows (with arrows)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) + 'tas' suffix.

सत्यजितं (satyajitaṁ) - Satyajit

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of satyajit

satyajit - Satyajit (proper name), victorious in truth

Compound: satya (truth) + jit (victorious).

Compound type : tatpurusha (satya+jit)

• satya – truth, reality, true
  noun (neuter)
• jit – victorious, conqueror
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'ji' (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of 'avidhyat'.

तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp arrows (with sharp (arrows))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent, hot

Root: tikṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied 'arrows', coreferential with 'marmabhedibhiḥ' and 'daśabhiḥ'.

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten arrows (with ten (arrows))

(numeral)

Note: Modifies the implied 'arrows'.

मर्मभेदिभिः (marmabhedibhiḥ) - with vital-spot-piercing arrows (with vital-spot-piercing (arrows))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of marmabhedin

marmabhedin - piercing vital parts, heart-piercing

Compound: marman (vital part) + bhedin (piercing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (marman+bhedin)

• marman – vital part, vulnerable spot, secret
  noun (neuter)
• bhedin – piercing, breaking, splitting
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'bhid' (to break, split) with suffix -in.
  Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Modifies the implied 'arrows'.

अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - he pierced, he struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vidh

Imperfect (past)

From root 'vyadh' (to pierce), often appears as 'vidh' in conjugation. Third person singular, active voice.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Accusative singular neuter form, functions as an adverb.

आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - the teacher Drona (the teacher)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - teacher, preceptor, master

From root car (to move) with prefix ā and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'avidhyat'.

छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut, after cutting

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed from root chid with suffix -tvā.

Root: chid (class 7)

अस्य (asya) - Satyajit's (his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Genitive singular of 'idam' (this/that).

Note: Possessive, modifying 'dhanuḥ'.

सशरं (saśaraṁ) - equipped with arrows (with arrows)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saśara

saśara - with arrows, accompanied by arrows

Bahuvrihi compound: sa (with) + śara (arrow).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+śara)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating accompaniment.
• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'dhanuḥ'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Root: dhan (class 1)

Note: Object of 'chittvā'.