महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-20, verse-40

ततो द्रोणः सत्यसंधः प्रभिन्न इव कुञ्जरः ।
अभ्यतीत्य रथानीकं दृढसेनमपातयत् ॥४०॥

40. tato droṇaḥ satyasaṁdhaḥ prabhinna iva kuñjaraḥ ,
abhyatītya rathānīkaṁ dṛḍhasenamapātayat.

40. tataḥ droṇaḥ satyasaṃdhaḥ prabhinnaḥ iva kuñjaraḥ
abhyatītya rathānīkam dṛḍhasenam apātayat

40. tataḥ satyasaṃdhaḥ droṇaḥ prabhinnaḥ kuñjaraḥ
iva rathānīkam abhyatītya dṛḍhasenam apātayat

40. Then Drona, true to his word, charged like an elephant in rut, broke through the chariot ranks, and struck down Dṛḍhasena.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, therefrom)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (name of a warrior)

• सत्यसंधः (satyasaṁdhaḥ) - true to his word/promise

• प्रभिन्नः (prabhinnaḥ) - in rut (referring to an elephant) (broken forth, burst open, in rut (of an elephant))

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• कुञ्जरः (kuñjaraḥ) - elephant

• अभ्यतीत्य (abhyatītya) - having broken through (having overcome, having passed through, having surpassed)

• रथानीकम् (rathānīkam) - chariot ranks (chariot host/array)

• दृढसेनम् (dṛḍhasenam) - Dṛḍhasena (name)

• अपातयत् (apātayat) - he struck down, he caused to fall

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, therefrom)

(indeclinable)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (name of a warrior)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a teacher/warrior)

सत्यसंधः (satyasaṁdhaḥ) - true to his word/promise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyasaṃdha

satyasaṁdha - true to his word, faithful to a promise

Compound type : bahuvrihi (satya+saṃdha)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)
• saṃdha – promise, agreement
  noun (masculine)
  from dhā with sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

प्रभिन्नः (prabhinnaḥ) - in rut (referring to an elephant) (broken forth, burst open, in rut (of an elephant))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhinna

prabhinna - burst, broken, in rut (of an elephant)

Past Passive Participle

from √bhid with pra

Prefix: pra

Root: bhid (class 7)

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

कुञ्जरः (kuñjaraḥ) - elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant

अभ्यतीत्य (abhyatītya) - having broken through (having overcome, having passed through, having surpassed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

from √i (to go) with abhi and ati

Prefixes: abhi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

रथानीकम् (rathānīkam) - chariot ranks (chariot host/array)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rathānīka

rathānīka - host of chariots, chariot array

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+anīka)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• anīka – army, host, array
  noun (neuter)

दृढसेनम् (dṛḍhasenam) - Dṛḍhasena (name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dṛḍhasena

dṛḍhasena - Dṛḍhasena (proper name, lit. 'strong army')

अपातयत् (apātayat) - he struck down, he caused to fall

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Causal

from √pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)