महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-20, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
ततो युधिष्ठिरो द्रोणं दृष्ट्वान्तिकमुपागतम् ।
महता शरवर्षेण प्रत्यगृह्णादभीतवत् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tato yudhiṣṭhiro droṇaṁ dṛṣṭvāntikamupāgatam ,
mahatā śaravarṣeṇa pratyagṛhṇādabhītavat.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tataḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ droṇam dṛṣṭvā antikam
upāgatam mahatā śaravarṣeṇa pratyagṛhṇāt abhītavat

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca.
tataḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ antikam upāgatam droṇam dṛṣṭvā mahatā śaravarṣeṇa abhītavat pratyagṛhṇāt.

1. Sanjaya said: Then Yudhishthira, having seen Drona approaching nearby, received him fearlessly with a great shower of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya (Sanjaya (name of a charioteer and narrator))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• अन्तिकम् (antikam) - nearby (as an adverb of place/direction) (near, vicinity)

• उपागतम् (upāgatam) - approaching (Drona) (approached, arrived, come near)

• महता (mahatā) - with a great (by a great, with a large)

• शरवर्षेण (śaravarṣeṇa) - with a shower of arrows (by a shower of arrows)

• प्रत्यगृह्णात् (pratyagṛhṇāt) - received (by attacking back) (received, returned, counteracted)

• अभीतवत् (abhītavat) - fearlessly (like one unafraid, fearlessly)

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya (Sanjaya (name of a charioteer and narrator))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name), victory

From saṃ-ji (to conquer completely).

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect (liṭ)

Root vac (to speak), perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb for Sanjaya's speech.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from tad (that).

Note: Adverb.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (steadfast in battle), name of the eldest Pandava

Compound yudhi (in battle, loc.) + sthira (firm).

Root: sthā (class 1)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a famous warrior and teacher in the Mahabharata)

Note: Object of the absolutive dṛṣṭvā.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root dṛś (to see) + ktvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अन्तिकम् (antikam) - nearby (as an adverb of place/direction) (near, vicinity)

(indeclinable)

From anta (end) with ika suffix.

Note: Functions as an adverb of place/direction.

उपागतम् (upāgatam) - approaching (Drona) (approached, arrived, come near)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāgata

upāgata - approached, arrived, come near

Past Passive Participle

From upa-ā-gam (to come near).

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Participle modifying droṇam.

महता (mahatā) - with a great (by a great, with a large)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Stem mahat.

शरवर्षेण (śaravarṣeṇa) - with a shower of arrows (by a shower of arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows, rain of arrows

Compound śara (arrow) + varṣa (rain).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  From root śṛ (to break).
  Root: śṛ (class 9)
• varṣa – rain, shower
  noun (neuter)
  From root vṛṣ (to rain).
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Instrument by which Drona was received.

प्रत्यगृह्णात् (pratyagṛhṇāt) - received (by attacking back) (received, returned, counteracted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pratigrah

Imperfect (laṅ)

From prati-grah (to seize, receive, accept), 3rd person singular, active voice. a augment.

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

अभीतवत् (abhītavat) - fearlessly (like one unafraid, fearlessly)

(indeclinable)

From abhīta (unafraid) + vat (like, as). abhīta is a (not) + bhīta (feared, PPP of bhī).

Note: Adverb modifying pratyagṛhṇāt.