महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-20, verse-16

स सत्यजितमालक्ष्य तथोदीर्णं महाहवे ।
अर्धचन्द्रेण चिच्छेद शिरस्तस्य महात्मनः ॥१६॥

16. sa satyajitamālakṣya tathodīrṇaṁ mahāhave ,
ardhacandreṇa ciccheda śirastasya mahātmanaḥ.

16. sa satyajitam ālakṣya tathā udīrṇam mahāhave
ardhacandreṇa ciccheda śiraḥ tasya mahātmanaḥ

16. sa mahāhave tathā udīrṇam satyajitam ālakṣya
tasya mahātmanaḥ śiraḥ ardhacandreṇa ciccheda

16. Having seen Satyajit thus aroused in the great battle, he severed the head of that great-souled warrior (mahātman) with a crescent-shaped arrow.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Refers to Pāñcālya (Dhr̥ṣṭadyumna) from the previous verse. (he, that)

• सत्यजितम् (satyajitam) - Satyajit

• आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having noticed

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• उदीर्णम् (udīrṇam) - agitated, enraged (in battle) (excited, enraged, risen, swollen)

• महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle, in the great war

• अर्धचन्द्रेण (ardhacandreṇa) - with a crescent-shaped arrow

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut off, he severed

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - Referring to Satyajit, indicating his noble character or valor in battle. (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Refers to Pāñcālya (Dhr̥ṣṭadyumna) from the previous verse. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सत्यजितम् (satyajitam) - Satyajit

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of satyajit

satyajit - Satyajit (proper name)

आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having noticed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root √lakṣ (to mark, perceive) with prefix ā- and suffix -ya for absolutives ending in -ya

Prefix: ā

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

उदीर्णम् (udīrṇam) - agitated, enraged (in battle) (excited, enraged, risen, swollen)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udīrṇa

udīrṇa - excited, enraged, roused, risen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √īr (to move, excite) with prefix ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: īr (class 2)

Note: Adjective describing Satyajit.

महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle, in the great war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāhava

mahāhava - great battle, great war

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+hava)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• hava – battle, war, call
  noun (masculine)

अर्धचन्द्रेण (ardhacandreṇa) - with a crescent-shaped arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ardhacandra

ardhacandra - crescent moon, a crescent-shaped arrow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ardha+candra)

• ardha – half
  noun (neuter)
• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut off, he severed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of chid

Perfect (liṭ) tense, 3rd person singular, active voice, parasmaipada. Reduplicated form of root √chid (7th class).

Root: chid (class 7)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - Referring to Satyajit, indicating his noble character or valor in battle. (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, sublime, a great person

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, living principle
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying the implied noun (person) referred to by 'tasya'.