महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-20, verse-46

ततो युधिष्ठिरः क्षिप्रं कितवो राजसत्तमः ।
अपायाज्जवनैरश्वैः पाञ्चाल्यो द्रोणमभ्ययात् ॥४६॥

46. tato yudhiṣṭhiraḥ kṣipraṁ kitavo rājasattamaḥ ,
apāyājjavanairaśvaiḥ pāñcālyo droṇamabhyayāt.

46. tataḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ kṣipram kitavaḥ rājasattamaḥ |
apāyāt javanaiḥ aśvaiḥ pāñcālyaḥ droṇam abhyayāt

46. tataḥ kitavaḥ rājasattamaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ javanaiḥ
aśvaiḥ kṣipram apāyāt; pāñcālyaḥ droṇam abhyayāt

46. Then Yudhiṣṭhira, the gambler (kitava) and best of kings, quickly retreated with swift horses; the Pāñcāla prince approached Droṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava king) (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly

• कितवः (kitavaḥ) - gambler (a well-known epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira due to his gambling losses) (gambler, cheat)

• राजसत्तमः (rājasattamaḥ) - best of kings

• अपायात् (apāyāt) - retreated, went away

• जवनैः (javanaiḥ) - with swift (horses) (with swift)

• अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - with horses

• पाञ्चाल्यः (pāñcālyaḥ) - the Pāñcāla prince (likely referring to Dhṛṣṭadyumna in this battle context) (the Pāñcāla prince)

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (the royal guru) (Droṇa)

• अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - approached

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava king) (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava, king of Indraprastha/Hastinapura, lit. 'firm in battle')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly

(indeclinable)

From √kṣip

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Used adverbially

कितवः (kitavaḥ) - gambler (a well-known epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira due to his gambling losses) (gambler, cheat)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kitava

kitava - gambler, cheat, rogue

राजसत्तमः (rājasattamaḥ) - best of kings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājasattama

rājasattama - best of kings, most excellent king

Superlative of rājan (king)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+sattama)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix -tama

अपायात् (apāyāt) - retreated, went away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of apai

From apa-√i

Prefix: apa

Root: i (class 2)

जवनैः (javanaiḥ) - with swift (horses) (with swift)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of javana

javana - swift, quick, speedy

Root: ju (class 2)

Note: Agrees with aśvaiḥ.

अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - with horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

पाञ्चाल्यः (pāñcālyaḥ) - the Pāñcāla prince (likely referring to Dhṛṣṭadyumna in this battle context) (the Pāñcāla prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāñcālya

pāñcālya - a prince of the Pāñcāla country, a Pāñcāla man

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (the royal guru) (Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (the royal guru of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas)

अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - approached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhī

From abhi-√i

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)