महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-20, verse-47

तं द्रोणः सधनुष्कं तु साश्वयन्तारमक्षिणोत् ।
स हतः प्रापतद्भूमौ रथाज्ज्योतिरिवाम्बरात् ॥४७॥

47. taṁ droṇaḥ sadhanuṣkaṁ tu sāśvayantāramakṣiṇot ,
sa hataḥ prāpatadbhūmau rathājjyotirivāmbarāt.

47. tam droṇaḥ sa-dhanuṣkam tu sa-aśva-yantāram akṣiṇot
| sa hataḥ prāpatat bhūmau rathāt jyotiḥ iva ambarāt

47. droṇaḥ tu tam sa-dhanuṣkam sa-aśva-yantāram akṣiṇot
sa hataḥ rathāt ambarāt jyotiḥ iva bhūmau prāpatat

47. Drona indeed killed him, along with his bow, horses, and charioteer. He, thus slain, fell to the ground from his chariot, just like a meteor (jyotis) falls from the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

• स-धनुष्कम् (sa-dhanuṣkam) - with his bow, accompanied by his bow

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, on the other hand

• स-अश्व-यन्तारम् (sa-aśva-yantāram) - with horses and charioteer, accompanied by horses and charioteer

• अक्षिणोत् (akṣiṇot) - destroyed, killed, struck down

• स (sa) - he

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck down

• प्रापतत् (prāpatat) - fell down

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• ज्योतिः (jyotiḥ) - a light, a meteor, a flame

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अम्बरात् (ambarāt) - from the sky

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the warrior being killed.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a proper name); a type of measure; a trough

स-धनुष्कम् (sa-dhanuṣkam) - with his bow, accompanied by his bow

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sadhanuṣka

sadhanuṣka - with a bow, accompanied by a bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+dhanuṣka)

• sa – with, accompanied by, possessing
  indeclinable
  prefix used in compounds
• dhanuṣka – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

तु (tu) - indeed, but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

स-अश्व-यन्तारम् (sa-aśva-yantāram) - with horses and charioteer, accompanied by horses and charioteer

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāśvayantāra

sāśvayantāra - accompanied by horses and a charioteer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+aśva+yantāra)

• sa – with, accompanied by, possessing
  indeclinable
  prefix used in compounds
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• yantāra – charioteer, driver
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun from root yam (to control)
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

अक्षिणोत् (akṣiṇot) - destroyed, killed, struck down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṣiṇu

Imperfect Active

a-kṣiṇot: 3rd person singular, Imperfect, Parasmaipada, from root kṣiṇu (class 5)

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Subject is 'droṇaḥ'.

स (sa) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the warrior who was killed.

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, smitten, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'sa'.

प्रापतत् (prāpatat) - fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pra-pat

Imperfect Active

prā-patat: 3rd person singular, Imperfect, Parasmaipada, from root pat (to fall) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'sa'.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Denotes separation.

ज्योतिः (jyotiḥ) - a light, a meteor, a flame

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jyotis

jyotis - light, radiance, star, heavenly body, meteor

Note: Used in comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

अम्बरात् (ambarāt) - from the sky

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ambara

ambara - sky, atmosphere, heaven

Note: Denotes separation.