महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-167, verse-9

संजय उवाच ।
प्रागेव विद्रुतान्दृष्ट्वा धार्तराष्ट्रान्युधिष्ठिरः ।
पुनश्च तुमुलं शब्दं श्रुत्वार्जुनमभाषत ॥९॥

9. saṁjaya uvāca ,
prāgeva vidrutāndṛṣṭvā dhārtarāṣṭrānyudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
punaśca tumulaṁ śabdaṁ śrutvārjunamabhāṣata.

9. Saṃjaya uvāca prāk eva vidrutān dṛṣṭvā Dhārtarāṣṭrān
Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ punaḥ ca tumulam śabdam śrutvā Arjunam abhāṣata

9. Saṃjaya uvāca: Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ,
prāk eva vidrutān Dhārtarāṣṭrān dṛṣṭvā,
punaḥ ca tumulam śabdam śrutvā,
Arjunam abhāṣata

9. Saṃjaya said: "Having already witnessed the Dhārtarāṣṭras (Kauravas) flee, and then having heard a tumultuous sound once more, Yudhishthira spoke to Arjuna."

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• प्राक् (prāk) - previously, before (previously, before, formerly, eastward)

• एव (eva) - already (indeed, certainly, only, just, even)

• विद्रुतान् (vidrutān) - fled, routed, scattered

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• धार्तराष्ट्रान् (dhārtarāṣṭrān) - the sons of Dhritarashtra, the Kauravas

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more (again, further, moreover)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous, great (tumultuous, great, dreadful, noisy)

• शब्दम् (śabdam) - sound, noise

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - to Arjuna

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Saṃjaya

Saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect past

3rd person singular perfect tense of 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

प्राक् (prāk) - previously, before (previously, before, formerly, eastward)

(indeclinable)

adverbial form

एव (eva) - already (indeed, certainly, only, just, even)

(indeclinable)

particle

Note: Emphasizes 'prāk'.

विद्रुतान् (vidrutān) - fled, routed, scattered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vidruta

vidruta - fled, routed, scattered, run away

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dru' (to run) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'Dhārtarāṣṭrān'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix 'ktvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

धार्तराष्ट्रान् (dhārtarāṣṭrān) - the sons of Dhritarashtra, the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of Dhārtarāṣṭra

Dhārtarāṣṭra - descendant of Dhritarashtra, i.e., the Kauravas

Patronymic from 'Dhṛtarāṣṭra'.

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Yudhiṣṭhira

Yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

Compound of 'yudhi' (in battle) and 'sthira' (firm).

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in fight
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of 'yudh'.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective
  From root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'abhāṣata'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more (again, further, moreover)

(indeclinable)

adverb

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction

तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous, great (tumultuous, great, dreadful, noisy)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, noisy, confused, dreadful

Note: Qualifies 'śabdam'.

शब्दम् (śabdam) - sound, noise

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word

From root 'śabd' (to sound).

Root: śabd (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'śru' (to hear) with suffix 'ktvā'.

Root: śru (class 5)

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - to Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Arjuna

Arjuna - Arjuna (name of the third Pāṇḍava prince)

Note: Object of 'abhāṣata'.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

imperfect past

3rd person singular imperfect tense, middle voice of root 'bhāṣ'.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)