महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-167, verse-18

अवस्थां तादृशीं प्राप्य हते द्रोणे द्रुतं बलम् ।
पुनरावर्तितं केन यदि जानासि शंस मे ॥१८॥

18. avasthāṁ tādṛśīṁ prāpya hate droṇe drutaṁ balam ,
punarāvartitaṁ kena yadi jānāsi śaṁsa me.

18. avasthām tādr̥śīm prāpya hate droṇe drutam
balam punar āvartitam kena yadi jānāsi śaṃsa me

18. yadi jānāsi me śaṃsa kena drutam balam droṇe
hate tādr̥śīm avasthām prāpya punar āvartitam

18. If you know, tell me by whom the army, having reached such a desperate state after Droṇa was killed, was quickly turned back.

Words meanings summery:

• अवस्थाम् (avasthām) - state of disarray/defeat (state, condition, situation)

• ताद्र्̥शीम् (tādr̥śīm) - such a desperate/disastrous (such, of that kind, similar)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having reached (having obtained, having reached, having attained)

• हते (hate) - when killed (killed, slain, destroyed)

• द्रोणे (droṇe) - Droṇa, the revered guru (Droṇa (proper noun))

• द्रुतम् (drutam) - routed, fleeing (swift, quick, routed, fled)

• बलम् (balam) - the army (of the Kauravas) (army, strength, force)

• पुनर् (punar) - again, back (again, anew, back)

• आवर्तितम् (āvartitam) - turned back (from flight) (turned back, revolved, returned)

• केन (kena) - by whom (specifically referring to a person) (by whom, by what)

• यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

• जानासि (jānāsi) - you know (you know, you understand)

• शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, speak (tell, declare, praise)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

Words meanings and morphology

अवस्थाम् (avasthām) - state of disarray/defeat (state, condition, situation)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avasthā

avasthā - state, condition, situation, status

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

ताद्र्̥शीम् (tādr̥śīm) - such a desperate/disastrous (such, of that kind, similar)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tādr̥śa

tādr̥śa - such, of that kind, similar to that

From tad + dṛś

Root: dr̥ś

Note: Qualifies 'avasthām'.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having reached (having obtained, having reached, having attained)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Gerund from pra + āp (to obtain)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

हते (hate) - when killed (killed, slain, destroyed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Locative absolute construction with 'droṇe'.

द्रोणे (droṇe) - Droṇa, the revered guru (Droṇa (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a warrior and teacher)

Note: Locative absolute construction with 'hate'.

द्रुतम् (drutam) - routed, fleeing (swift, quick, routed, fled)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of druta

druta - quick, swift, hurried, fled, routed

Past Passive Participle

From root dru (to run, flee)

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'balam'.

बलम् (balam) - the army (of the Kauravas) (army, strength, force)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army, host

Note: Subject of 'āvartitam'.

पुनर् (punar) - again, back (again, anew, back)

(indeclinable)

आवर्तितम् (āvartitam) - turned back (from flight) (turned back, revolved, returned)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āvartita

āvartita - turned back, revolved, returned, caused to return

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt (to turn) with prefix ā (causative)

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'balam'.

केन (kena) - by whom (specifically referring to a person) (by whom, by what)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Agent of the passive 'āvartitam'.

यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

जानासि (jānāsi) - you know (you know, you understand)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present active indicative

Class 9 verb (Śnā vikaraṇa)

Root: jñā (class 9)

शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, speak (tell, declare, praise)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śaṃs

Imperative active

Root class 1 (or 10 in some cases)

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Enclitic form of asmad.

Note: Here used as dative 'to me'.