महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-167, verse-37

स तु शोकेन चाविष्टो विमुखः पुत्रवत्सलः ।
शाश्वतं धर्ममुत्सृज्य गुरुः शिष्येण घातितः ॥३७॥

37. sa tu śokena cāviṣṭo vimukhaḥ putravatsalaḥ ,
śāśvataṁ dharmamutsṛjya guruḥ śiṣyeṇa ghātitaḥ.

37. saḥ tu śokena ca āviṣṭaḥ vimukhaḥ putravatsalaḥ
śāśvatam dharmam utsṛjya guruḥ śiṣyeṇa ghātitaḥ

37. tu saḥ putravatsalaḥ śokena ca āviṣṭaḥ vimukhaḥ
śāśvatam dharmam utsṛjya guruḥ śiṣyeṇa ghātitaḥ

37. But he, the loving father, overwhelmed by grief (śoka) and turning away, thus abandoned his eternal intrinsic nature (dharma). The teacher (guru) was slain by his disciple.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Droṇa. (he, that)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• शोकेन (śokena) - by grief, by sorrow

• च (ca) - and

• आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - Overwhelmed by grief. (pervaded by, seized by, overwhelmed by)

• विमुखः (vimukhaḥ) - Droṇa turned away from the battle. (averted face, turned away, indifferent)

• पुत्रवत्सलः (putravatsalaḥ) - Describes Droṇa's deep affection for Aśvatthāmā. (affectionate to his son, loving his son)

• शाश्वतम् (śāśvatam) - eternal, perpetual, permanent

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - Here, it refers to his duty as a warrior, his martial code, or his intrinsic nature as a fighter and teacher. (duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, law, constitution)

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - Refers to Droṇa. (teacher, preceptor, heavy, important)

• शिष्येण (śiṣyeṇa) - Refers to Dhṛṣṭadyumna, who eventually killed Droṇa. (by the disciple, by the student)

• घातितः (ghātitaḥ) - caused to be killed, slain

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Droṇa. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

शोकेन (śokena) - by grief, by sorrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - grief, sorrow, lamentation

From root `śuc` (to mourn, to grieve).

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Instrument for 'āviṣṭaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'śokena' with the overall state.

आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - Overwhelmed by grief. (pervaded by, seized by, overwhelmed by)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āviṣṭa

āviṣṭa - entered, pervaded, seized, overcome, possessed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `viś` (to enter) with prefix `ā-`.

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

विमुखः (vimukhaḥ) - Droṇa turned away from the battle. (averted face, turned away, indifferent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimukha

vimukha - having the face turned away, averted, hostile, indifferent

Compound of `vi` (away) + `mukha` (face).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+mukha)

• vi – away, apart, distinct
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

पुत्रवत्सलः (putravatsalaḥ) - Describes Droṇa's deep affection for Aśvatthāmā. (affectionate to his son, loving his son)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putravatsala

putravatsala - affectionate towards children/son

Compound: `putra` (son) + `vatsala` (affectionate).

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+vatsala)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• vatsala – affectionate, fond, kind
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

शाश्वतम् (śāśvatam) - eternal, perpetual, permanent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāśvata

śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, constant, permanent

Derived from `śaśvat` (ever, always).

Note: Qualifies 'dharmam'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - Here, it refers to his duty as a warrior, his martial code, or his intrinsic nature as a fighter and teacher. (duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, law, constitution)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, virtue, natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, moral order

From root `dhṛ` (to uphold, to sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'utsṛjya'.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root `sṛj` (to release, to abandon) with prefix `ut-`.

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

गुरुः (guruḥ) - Refers to Droṇa. (teacher, preceptor, heavy, important)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, venerable, heavy, important

Note: Subject of the passive 'ghātitaḥ'.

शिष्येण (śiṣyeṇa) - Refers to Dhṛṣṭadyumna, who eventually killed Droṇa. (by the disciple, by the student)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, student

From root `śāṣ` (to teach) with suffix -ya.

Root: śāṣ (class 2)

Note: Agent of 'ghātitaḥ'.

घातितः (ghātitaḥ) - caused to be killed, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ghātita

ghātita - caused to be killed, slain

Causative Past Passive Participle

Derived from the causative stem of `han` (to kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'guruḥ'.