महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-167, verse-2

चचाल पृथिवी चापि चुक्षुभे च महोदधिः ।
प्रतिस्रोतः प्रवृत्ताश्च गन्तुं तत्र समुद्रगाः ॥२॥

2. cacāla pṛthivī cāpi cukṣubhe ca mahodadhiḥ ,
pratisrotaḥ pravṛttāśca gantuṁ tatra samudragāḥ.

2. cacāla pṛthivī ca api cukṣubhe ca mahodadhiḥ
pratisrotaḥ pravṛttāḥ ca gantum tatra samudragāḥ

2. pṛthivī ca api cacāla ca mahodadhiḥ cukṣubhe ca
samudragāḥ tatra pratisrotaḥ gantum pravṛttāḥ

2. The earth trembled, and the great ocean was agitated. Even the rivers flowing into the sea began to flow against their current.

Words meanings summery:

• चचाल (cacāla) - trembled, moved

• पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - earth, ground

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• चुक्षुभे (cukṣubhe) - was agitated, churned

• च (ca) - and, also

• महोदधिः (mahodadhiḥ) - great ocean

• प्रतिस्रोतः (pratisrotaḥ) - against the current/stream

• प्रवृत्ताः (pravṛttāḥ) - began to flow (began, proceeded, set forth)

• च (ca) - and, also

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go

• तत्र (tatra) - there, then

• समुद्रगाः (samudragāḥ) - rivers flowing to the sea

Words meanings and morphology

चचाल (cacāla) - trembled, moved

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of cal

Perfect Active

reduplicated perfect, 3rd person singular

Root: cal (class 1)

पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - earth, ground

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, world

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

चुक्षुभे (cukṣubhe) - was agitated, churned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of kṣubh

Perfect Middle

reduplicated perfect, 3rd person singular

Root: kṣubh (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महोदधिः (mahodadhiḥ) - great ocean

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahodadhi

mahodadhi - great ocean, sea

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+udadhi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• udadhi – ocean, sea, receptacle of water
  noun (masculine)

प्रतिस्रोतः (pratisrotaḥ) - against the current/stream

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prati+srotas)

• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
• srotas – stream, current, river
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sru (class 1)

Note: This word is often treated as an indeclinable adverbial usage in 'srotas' in a compound 'prati + srotas'.

प्रवृत्ताः (pravṛttāḥ) - began to flow (began, proceeded, set forth)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - begun, proceeded, engaged in, flowing

Past Passive Participle

from pra-vṛt

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Feminine nominative plural to agree with samudragāḥ.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

from root gam with -tum suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Infinitive often acts as an indeclinable.

तत्र (tatra) - there, then

(indeclinable)

समुद्रगाः (samudragāḥ) - rivers flowing to the sea

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of samudraga

samudraga - going to the ocean, river

Compound type : upapada (samudra+ga)

• samudra – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun from gam
  suffix -a from root gam
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The base 'samudraga' can be masculine or feminine when referring to a river. Here it agrees with 'pravṛttāḥ' (feminine).