महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-167, verse-45

स प्राप्य तादृशीं वृत्तिं सत्कृतः सततं परैः ।
अवृणीत सदा पुत्रान्मामेवाभ्यधिकं गुरुः ॥४५॥

45. sa prāpya tādṛśīṁ vṛttiṁ satkṛtaḥ satataṁ paraiḥ ,
avṛṇīta sadā putrānmāmevābhyadhikaṁ guruḥ.

45. saḥ prāpya tādṛśīm vṛttim satkṛtaḥ satatam paraiḥ
avṛṇīta sadā putrān mām eva abhyadhikam guruḥ

45. Having obtained such a position and being constantly honored by others, that revered teacher (guru) always chose the sons, and indeed [considered] me preeminent.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having attained

• तादृशीम् (tādṛśīm) - such, of that kind, similar

• वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood, condition, state, conduct, course of action

• सत्कृतः (satkṛtaḥ) - honored, respected, worshipped

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually

• परैः (paraiḥ) - by others, by enemies, by superior ones

• अवृणीत (avṛṇīta) - he chose, he selected, he desired

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

• माम् (mām) - me

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, precisely

• अभ्यधिकम् (abhyadhikam) - superior, preeminent, excessive, more than, abundantly

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher, preceptor, respected person, elder

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to guruḥ

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having attained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from pra + āp (to obtain)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Acts as an adverb, indicating a preceding action.

तादृशीम् (tādṛśīm) - such, of that kind, similar

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tādṛśa

tādṛśa - such, of that kind, similar, like that

Derived from tad (that) + dṛś (to see)

वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood, condition, state, conduct, course of action

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - livelihood, condition, state, conduct, course of action, mode of being

Derived from root vṛt (to turn, exist)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सत्कृतः (satkṛtaḥ) - honored, respected, worshipped

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satkṛta

satkṛta - honored, respected, worshipped, treated hospitably

Past Passive Participle

Derived from sat (good, true) + kṛ (to do, make)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sat+kṛta)

• sat – good, true, existing, being
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of adjective satata (continuous)

परैः (paraiḥ) - by others, by enemies, by superior ones

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, different, enemy, stranger, supreme, distant

Note: Agent of being honored

अवृणीत (avṛṇīta) - he chose, he selected, he desired

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

Imperfect tense, middle voice, 3rd person singular

From root vṛ (to choose) with augment a (for imperfect)

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: The subject is saḥ (guruḥ)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time

पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of avṛṇīta

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of avṛṇīta. The speaker of the verse.

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, precisely

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

अभ्यधिकम् (abhyadhikam) - superior, preeminent, excessive, more than, abundantly

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhyadhika

abhyadhika - superior, preeminent, excessive, more than, abundant

Compound abhi + adhika (more, excessive)

Compound type : Pra-Tatpuruṣa (abhi+adhika)

• abhi – towards, against, over, intensely
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• adhika – more, much, abundant, superior
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies mām.

गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher, preceptor, respected person, elder

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, respected person, elder, heavy, important

Note: Subject of avṛṇīta.