महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-167, verse-25

अर्जुन उवाच ।
उद्यम्यात्मानमुग्राय कर्मणे धैर्यमास्थिताः ।
धमन्ति कौरवाः शङ्खान्यस्य वीर्यमुपाश्रिताः ॥२५॥

25. arjuna uvāca ,
udyamyātmānamugrāya karmaṇe dhairyamāsthitāḥ ,
dhamanti kauravāḥ śaṅkhānyasya vīryamupāśritāḥ.

25. arjuna uvāca | udyamya ātmānam ugrāya karmaṇe dhairyam
āsthitāḥ | dhamanti kauravāḥ śaṅkhān asya vīryam upāśritāḥ

25. arjuna uvāca udyamya ātmānam,
ugrāya karmaṇe dhairyam āsthitāḥ,
asya vīryam upāśritāḥ kauravāḥ śaṅkhān dhamanti.

25. Arjuna said: The Kauravas, having roused themselves for a terrible deed (karma) and having adopted courage, are blowing their conches, relying on his valor.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having uplifted, having exerted, having roused

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - themselves, their self (ātman)

• उग्राय (ugrāya) - for the fierce, for the terrible

• कर्मणे (karmaṇe) - for action, for the deed, for the task (karma)

• धैर्यम् (dhairyam) - courage, fortitude

• आस्थिताः (āsthitāḥ) - having resorted to, having taken a stand, established

• धमन्ति (dhamanti) - they blow

• कौरवाः (kauravāḥ) - the Kauravas

• शङ्खान् (śaṅkhān) - conches, conch shells

• अस्य (asya) - his

• वीर्यम् (vīryam) - valor, prowess, strength

• उपाश्रिताः (upāśritāḥ) - relying upon, having taken refuge in, dependent on

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a Pandava prince, hero of the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having uplifted, having exerted, having roused

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root yam (to control, restrain) with prefix ud and the -ya suffix.

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - themselves, their self (ātman)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essential nature, breath

Root: an (class 2)

उग्राय (ugrāya) - for the fierce, for the terrible

(adjective)

Dative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - fierce, terrible, formidable, mighty, violent

Note: Agrees with 'karmaṇe'.

कर्मणे (karmaṇe) - for action, for the deed, for the task (karma)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, consequence of actions (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

धैर्यम् (dhairyam) - courage, fortitude

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhairya

dhairya - courage, fortitude, firmness, patience

Derived from dhīra (firm, constant).

आस्थिताः (āsthitāḥ) - having resorted to, having taken a stand, established

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āsthita

āsthita - resorted to, taken a stand, established, situated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kauravāḥ'.

धमन्ति (dhamanti) - they blow

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dham

Root: dham (class 1)

कौरवाः (kauravāḥ) - the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava

शङ्खान् (śaṅkhān) - conches, conch shells

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śaṅkha

śaṅkha - conch shell, a trumpet made from a conch

अस्य (asya) - his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

वीर्यम् (vīryam) - valor, prowess, strength

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - valor, prowess, strength, heroism, energy

उपाश्रिताः (upāśritāḥ) - relying upon, having taken refuge in, dependent on

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upāśrita

upāśrita - resorted to, dependent on, supported by, having taken refuge in

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śri (to resort to, cling to) with prefixes upa and ā.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kauravāḥ'.