महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-167, verse-33

उपचीर्णो गुरुर्मिथ्या भवता राज्यकारणात् ।
धर्मज्ञेन सता नाम सोऽधर्मः सुमहान्कृतः ॥३३॥

33. upacīrṇo gururmithyā bhavatā rājyakāraṇāt ,
dharmajñena satā nāma so'dharmaḥ sumahānkṛtaḥ.

33. upacīrṇaḥ guruḥ mithyā bhavatā rājyakāraṇāt
dharmajñena satā nāma saḥ adharmaḥ sumahān kṛtaḥ

33. bhavatā rājyakāraṇāt guruḥ mithyā upacīrṇaḥ.
Dharmajñena satā nāma saḥ sumahān adharmaḥ kṛtaḥ.

33. The guru (teacher) was falsely treated by you for the sake of the kingdom. Indeed, by a righteous person who understands natural law (dharma), such a great act of unrighteousness (adharma) was committed.

Words meanings summery:

• उपचीर्णः (upacīrṇaḥ) - falsely dealt with / ill-treated (treated, served, dealt with, approached)

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - Droṇa (teacher, guru, venerable (person))

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - deceptively, untruthfully (falsely, wrongly, in vain)

• भवता (bhavatā) - by you (Yudhiṣṭhira) (by you (honorific))

• राज्यकारणात् (rājyakāraṇāt) - for the sake of the kingdom, due to the reason of kingship

• धर्मज्ञेन (dharmajñena) - by one who knows natural law (dharma)

• सता (satā) - by a righteous person (Yudhiṣṭhira) (by a good person, by a righteous person, by an existent one)

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, emphasizing the paradox (indeed, truly, by name)

• सः (saḥ) - such (a great unrighteousness) (that, such (a one))

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - a great act of unrighteousness (adharma) (unrighteousness, injustice, impiety)

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, exceedingly large

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - committed (done, made, performed)

Words meanings and morphology

उपचीर्णः (upacīrṇaḥ) - falsely dealt with / ill-treated (treated, served, dealt with, approached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upacīrṇa

upacīrṇa - served, worshipped, attended, performed, treated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'cṛ' (to move, perform) with prefix 'upa'

Prefix: upa

Root: cṛ (class 1)

गुरुः (guruḥ) - Droṇa (teacher, guru, venerable (person))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual guide (guru), heavy, venerable, important

मिथ्या (mithyā) - deceptively, untruthfully (falsely, wrongly, in vain)

(indeclinable)

भवता (bhavatā) - by you (Yudhiṣṭhira) (by you (honorific))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (honorific), being, existing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

राज्यकारणात् (rājyakāraṇāt) - for the sake of the kingdom, due to the reason of kingship

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rājyakāraṇa

rājyakāraṇa - reason for kingdom, for the sake of the kingdom

Compound of 'rājya' (kingdom) + 'kāraṇa' (reason, cause)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rājya+kāraṇa)

• rājya – kingdom, sovereignty
  noun (neuter)
• kāraṇa – reason, cause, motive
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

धर्मज्ञेन (dharmajñena) - by one who knows natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of natural law (dharma), righteous, virtuous

Compound of 'dharma' (natural law, righteousness) + 'jña' (knower)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'jñā' (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'satā'

सता (satā) - by a righteous person (Yudhiṣṭhira) (by a good person, by a righteous person, by an existent one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sat

sat - existent, good, true, virtuous, a good person

Present Active Participle (from as)

Derived from root 'as' (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

नाम (nāma) - indeed, emphasizing the paradox (indeed, truly, by name)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - such (a great unrighteousness) (that, such (a one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - a great act of unrighteousness (adharma) (unrighteousness, injustice, impiety)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, sin (adharma)

Negative compound (a + dharma)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue (dharma)
  noun (masculine)

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, exceedingly large

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, exceedingly large, immense

Compound of 'su' (very, exceedingly) + 'mahat' (great)

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix
• mahat – great, large, vast, mighty
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'adharmaḥ'

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - committed (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, created

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)