महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-167, verse-47

तस्याचार्यस्य वृद्धस्य द्रोहो नित्योपकारिणः ।
कृतो ह्यनार्यैरस्माभी राज्यार्थे लघुबुद्धिभिः ॥४७॥

47. tasyācāryasya vṛddhasya droho nityopakāriṇaḥ ,
kṛto hyanāryairasmābhī rājyārthe laghubuddhibhiḥ.

47. tasya ācāryasya vṛddhasya drohaḥ nityopakāriṇaḥ
kṛtaḥ hi anāryaiḥ asmābhiḥ rājyārthe laghubuddhibhiḥ

47. tasya vṛddhasya nityopakāriṇaḥ ācāryasya drohaḥ
asmābhiḥ anāryaiḥ laghubuddhibhiḥ rājyārthe hi kṛtaḥ

47. A betrayal (droha) of that elderly preceptor (guru), our constant benefactor, was indeed committed by us, the ignoble ones with our petty minds, for the sake of the kingdom.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of Droṇa (of that, his)

• आचार्यस्य (ācāryasya) - of the preceptor (guru) Droṇa (of the teacher, of the preceptor (guru))

• वृद्धस्य (vṛddhasya) - of the old, of the aged, of the elderly

• द्रोहः (drohaḥ) - injury, mischief, malice, betrayal, treachery

• नित्योपकारिणः (nityopakāriṇaḥ) - of the constant benefactor, of him who always does good

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done, made, performed

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• अनार्यैः (anāryaiḥ) - by the ignoble Pāṇḍavas (by the ignoble, by the unworthy)

• अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us (Pāṇḍavas) (by us)

• राज्यार्थे (rājyārthe) - for the sake of the kingdom, for the kingdom

• लघुबुद्धिभिः (laghubuddhibhiḥ) - by those of small intellect, by those with petty minds

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of Droṇa (of that, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Droṇa.

आचार्यस्य (ācāryasya) - of the preceptor (guru) Droṇa (of the teacher, of the preceptor (guru))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide (guru)

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Transliterated as "guru" in translation.

वृद्धस्य (vṛddhasya) - of the old, of the aged, of the elderly

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vṛdh (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies ācāryasya.

द्रोहः (drohaḥ) - injury, mischief, malice, betrayal, treachery

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droha

droha - injury, mischief, malice, betrayal, treachery

Derived from root druh (to injure, betray).

Root: druh (class 4)

Note: Transliterated as "droha" in translation.

नित्योपकारिणः (nityopakāriṇaḥ) - of the constant benefactor, of him who always does good

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nityopakārin

nityopakārin - constant benefactor, one who always does good

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya-tatpuruṣa (nitya+upakārin)

• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual
  adjective (masculine)
• upakārin – benefactor, helper, useful
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from upakṛ
  Derived from root kṛ with prefix upa and agent suffix ini.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies ācāryasya.

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done, made, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Emphatic/causal particle.

अनार्यैः (anāryaiḥ) - by the ignoble Pāṇḍavas (by the ignoble, by the unworthy)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anārya

anārya - ignoble, unworthy, non-Aryan

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ārya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• ārya – noble, honorable, worthy
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies asmābhiḥ. Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us (Pāṇḍavas) (by us)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person plural pronoun.

Note: Refers to the speaker (Yudhiṣṭhira) and his brothers.

राज्यार्थे (rājyārthe) - for the sake of the kingdom, for the kingdom

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rājyārtha

rājyārtha - purpose of the kingdom, sake of the kingdom

Tatpuruṣa compound, locative case used as dative/purpose.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rājya+artha)

• rājya – kingdom, sovereignty, reign
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, for the sake of
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as a dative of purpose.

लघुबुद्धिभिः (laghubuddhibhiḥ) - by those of small intellect, by those with petty minds

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of laghubuddhi

laghubuddhi - small-minded, foolish, petty-minded

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (laghu+buddhi)

• laghu – light, small, short, trifling
  adjective (masculine)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind, reason
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies asmābhiḥ (us).