महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-167, verse-42

यदा गतं वयो भूयः शिष्टमल्पतरं च नः ।
तस्येदानीं विकारोऽयमधर्मो यत्कृतो महान् ॥४२॥

42. yadā gataṁ vayo bhūyaḥ śiṣṭamalpataraṁ ca naḥ ,
tasyedānīṁ vikāro'yamadharmo yatkṛto mahān.

42. yadā gatam vayaḥ bhūyaḥ śiṣṭam alpataram ca naḥ
tasya idānīm vikāraḥ ayam adharmaḥ yat kṛtaḥ mahān

42. When much of our life has passed and only a very small portion remains for us, this great transgression (adharma) that has been committed now is a perversion concerning that [time].

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• गतम् (gatam) - gone, past, departed, reached

• वयः (vayaḥ) - age, life, youth, time

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - much, abundant, again, further

• शिष्टम् (śiṣṭam) - remaining, left, residual

• अल्पतरम् (alpataram) - very little, less, smaller

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• नः (naḥ) - to us, for us, our

• तस्य (tasya) - of that, his, its

• इदानीम् (idānīm) - now, at this time

• विकारः (vikāraḥ) - change, alteration, perversion, evil act, transformation

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, violation of natural law, vice

• यत् (yat) - which, that which, because

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done, made, performed

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty, important

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

गतम् (gatam) - gone, past, departed, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, past, departed, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vayaḥ

वयः (vayaḥ) - age, life, youth, time

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vayas

vayas - age, life, youth, time

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - much, abundant, again, further

(indeclinable)

Comparative adverb of bahu (much)

Note: Adverbially modifying gatam

शिष्टम् (śiṣṭam) - remaining, left, residual

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śiṣṭa

śiṣṭa - remaining, left, residual, taught, disciplined

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śiṣ (to leave, to remain)

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

अल्पतरम् (alpataram) - very little, less, smaller

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of alpatara

alpatara - very little, less, smaller, more insignificant

Comparative of alpa (little)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - to us, for us, our

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Here, genitive 'for us' or 'our'

तस्य (tasya) - of that, his, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the remaining life/time.

इदानीम् (idānīm) - now, at this time

(indeclinable)

विकारः (vikāraḥ) - change, alteration, perversion, evil act, transformation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikāra

vikāra - change, alteration, perversion, evil act, transformation, product

Derived from vi + kṛ (to make)

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अयम् (ayam) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to vikāraḥ and adharmaḥ

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, violation of natural law, vice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, violation of natural law (dharma), vice, wrong conduct

Compound of a (not) + dharma

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

यत् (yat) - which, that which, because

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, who, because

Note: Here, likely functioning as a conjunction 'that' or 'because'

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done, made, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, created

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do, to make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty, important

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important, noble

Note: Agrees with vikāraḥ and adharmaḥ