महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-167, verse-43

पितेव नित्यं सौहार्दात्पितेव स हि धर्मतः ।
सोऽल्पकालस्य राज्यस्य कारणान्निहतो गुरुः ॥४३॥

43. piteva nityaṁ sauhārdātpiteva sa hi dharmataḥ ,
so'lpakālasya rājyasya kāraṇānnihato guruḥ.

43. pitā iva nityam sauhārdāt pitā iva saḥ hi dharmataḥ
saḥ alpakālasya rājyasya kāraṇāt nihataḥ guruḥ

43. He indeed, always like a father out of affection, and truly like a father by his intrinsic nature (dharma), that revered teacher (guru) was killed for the sake of a short-lived kingdom.

Words meanings summery:

• पिता (pitā) - father

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if, similar to

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• सौहार्दात् (sauhārdāt) - out of friendship, from affection, due to goodwill

• पिता (pitā) - father

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if, similar to

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - by natural law (dharma), according to duty, righteously

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अल्पकालस्य (alpakālasya) - of a short time, of a brief duration

• राज्यस्य (rājyasya) - of the kingdom, of the reign, of the rule

• कारणात् (kāraṇāt) - due to the reason, because of, from the cause

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down, destroyed

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher, preceptor, respected person, elder, heavy, important

Words meanings and morphology

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

इव (iva) - like, as, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from nitya (constant)

सौहार्दात् (sauhārdāt) - out of friendship, from affection, due to goodwill

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of sauhārda

sauhārda - friendship, affection, goodwill, cordiality

From suhṛd (friend) + aṇ suffix

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

इव (iva) - like, as, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the person being discussed (e.g., Bhishma or Drona in context)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - by natural law (dharma), according to duty, righteously

(indeclinable)

Derived from dharma with suffix tas

Note: Refers to dharma as intrinsic nature or duty

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to guruḥ

अल्पकालस्य (alpakālasya) - of a short time, of a brief duration

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of alpakāla

alpakāla - short time, brief duration

Compound of alpa (little) and kāla (time)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (alpa+kāla)

• alpa – little, small, few
  adjective (masculine)
• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies rājyasya

राज्यस्य (rājyasya) - of the kingdom, of the reign, of the rule

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule, reign

Derived from rājan (king)

कारणात् (kāraṇāt) - due to the reason, because of, from the cause

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

Derived from kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down, destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ni + han (to strike, kill)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher, preceptor, respected person, elder, heavy, important

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, respected person, elder, heavy, important, weighty