महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-167, verse-7

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
निवर्तितेषु सैन्येषु द्रोणपुत्रेण संयुगे ।
भृशं शोकाभितप्तेन पितुर्वधममृष्यता ॥७॥

7. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
nivartiteṣu sainyeṣu droṇaputreṇa saṁyuge ,
bhṛśaṁ śokābhitaptena piturvadhamamṛṣyatā.

7. Dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca nivartiteṣu sainyeṣu Droṇaputreṇa
saṃyuge bhṛśam śokābhitaptena pituḥ vadham amṛṣyatā

7. Dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca: संयुगे Droṇaputreṇa bhṛśam śokābhitaptena pituḥ vadham amṛṣyatā,
sainyeṣu nivartiteṣu.
.
.

7. Dhritarashtra said: "Tell me, when the armies had been repelled in battle by Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāmā), who was intensely distressed by sorrow and unable to tolerate his father's killing..."

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• निवर्तितेषु (nivartiteṣu) - when turned back, when retreated, when repelled

• सैन्येषु (sainyeṣu) - in the armies, among the troops

• द्रोणपुत्रेण (droṇaputreṇa) - by the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā)

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, intensely

• शोकाभितप्तेन (śokābhitaptena) - by him who was intensely distressed by sorrow, by him afflicted by grief

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of his father (Droṇa) (of the father)

• वधम् (vadham) - killing, slaying, death

• अमृष्यता (amṛṣyatā) - by him not enduring, by him unable to bear

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (the blind king, father of the Kauravas)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhṛ' (to hold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, nation
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect past

3rd person singular perfect tense of 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

निवर्तितेषु (nivartiteṣu) - when turned back, when retreated, when repelled

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of nivartita

nivartita - turned back, repelled, caused to retreat

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛt' with prefix 'ni' (causative 'vartayati', then 'kta' suffix).

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'sainyeṣu'.

सैन्येषु (sainyeṣu) - in the armies, among the troops

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - army, military, troops

Derived from 'senā' (army).

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'nivartiteṣu'.

द्रोणपुत्रेण (droṇaputreṇa) - by the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of Droṇaputra

Droṇaputra - son of Droṇa, i.e., Aśvatthāmā

Compound of 'Droṇa' and 'putra'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (Droṇa+putra)

• Droṇa – Droṇa (name of a preceptor)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Aśvatthāmā.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, encounter

Derived from root 'yuj' (to join) with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, intensely

(indeclinable)

adverbial form of 'bhṛśa'.

Note: Qualifies 'śokābhitaptena'.

शोकाभितप्तेन (śokābhitaptena) - by him who was intensely distressed by sorrow, by him afflicted by grief

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śokābhitapta

śokābhitapta - afflicted by sorrow, distressed by grief

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'śoka' (grief) and 'abhitapta' (afflicted). 'abhitapta' derived from root 'tap' with prefix 'abhi'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+abhitapta)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'śuc' (to grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• abhitapta – afflicted, heated, distressed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'tap' with prefix 'abhi'.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'Droṇaputreṇa'.

पितुः (pituḥ) - of his father (Droṇa) (of the father)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

R-stem noun.

Note: Refers to Droṇa.

वधम् (vadham) - killing, slaying, death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, striking, death

From root 'vadh' (to strike, kill).

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'amṛṣyatā'.

अमृष्यता (amṛṣyatā) - by him not enduring, by him unable to bear

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of amṛṣyat

amṛṣyat - not enduring, intolerant, unable to bear

Present Active Participle

Negative prefix 'a-' + present active participle of root 'mṛṣ' (to bear, endure). Declines like a noun.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mṛṣyat)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• mṛṣyat – enduring, tolerating
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  Present active participle of root 'mṛṣ' (to bear, endure).
  Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'Droṇaputreṇa'.