महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-161, verse-5

स माधवमनुज्ञाय कुरुष्वेति धनंजयः ।
द्रोणकर्णौ महेष्वासौ सव्यतः पर्यवर्तत ॥५॥

5. sa mādhavamanujñāya kuruṣveti dhanaṁjayaḥ ,
droṇakarṇau maheṣvāsau savyataḥ paryavartata.

5. sa mādhavam anujñāya kuruṣva iti dhanañjayaḥ
droṇakarṇau maheṣvāsau savyataḥ paryavartata

5. saḥ dhanañjayaḥ mādhavam "kuruṣva" iti anujñāya
maheṣvāsau droṇakarṇau savyataḥ पर्यवर्तत

5. He, Dhananjaya (Arjuna), having given permission to Madhava (Krishna) with the words 'Do it!', then turned, placing Drona and Karna, those great archers, to his left.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - He, Arjuna (he (that one))

• माधवम् (mādhavam) - Madhava (Krishna)

• अनुज्ञाय (anujñāya) - having given permission to Madhava (having permitted, having assented, having allowed)

• कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - 'Do it!' (Arjuna's instruction to Krishna) (do, act, perform)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks a quotation)

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (Dhananjaya (Arjuna), conqueror of wealth)

• द्रोणकर्णौ (droṇakarṇau) - Drona and Karna

• महेष्वासौ (maheṣvāsau) - Drona and Karna, who were great archers (great archers)

• सव्यतः (savyataḥ) - to the left, on the left side

• पर्यवर्तत (paryavartata) - turned the chariot around (turned around, wheeled about, revolved)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - He, Arjuna (he (that one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

माधवम् (mādhavam) - Madhava (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - Madhava (an epithet of Krishna), a descendant of Madhu

Note: Object of `anujñāya`.

अनुज्ञाय (anujñāya) - having given permission to Madhava (having permitted, having assented, having allowed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Root jñā with prefix anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - 'Do it!' (Arjuna's instruction to Krishna) (do, act, perform)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

imperative, middle voice, 2nd person singular

From root kṛ, imperative mood, middle voice.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Contained within the `iti` quote.

इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks a quotation)

(indeclinable)

Note: Quotation marker.

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (Dhananjaya (Arjuna), conqueror of wealth)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - Dhananjaya (an epithet of Arjuna), conqueror of wealth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhana+ñjaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• ñjaya – conquering, victorious
  noun (masculine)
  From root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of `paryavartata`, re-states `sa`.

द्रोणकर्णौ (droṇakarṇau) - Drona and Karna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of droṇakarṇa

droṇakarṇa - Drona and Karna

Compound type : dvandva (droṇa+karṇa)

• droṇa – Drona
  proper noun (masculine)
• karṇa – Karna
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the implied action of turning towards.

महेष्वासौ (maheṣvāsau) - Drona and Karna, who were great archers (great archers)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, one with a great bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• iṣvāsa – archer, bowman
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `droṇakarṇau`.

सव्यतः (savyataḥ) - to the left, on the left side

(indeclinable)

Derived from savya (left) with suffix -tas.

Note: Adverbial.

पर्यवर्तत (paryavartata) - turned the chariot around (turned around, wheeled about, revolved)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect past (laṅ) of vṛt

imperfect tense, middle voice, 3rd person singular

Root vṛt with prefixes pari and ava.

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)