महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-161, verse-12

अथ दुर्योधनः कर्णः शकुनिश्चापि सौबलः ।
अभ्यवर्षञ्शरव्रातैः कुन्तीपुत्रं धनंजयम् ॥१२॥

12. atha duryodhanaḥ karṇaḥ śakuniścāpi saubalaḥ ,
abhyavarṣañśaravrātaiḥ kuntīputraṁ dhanaṁjayam.

12. atha duryodhanaḥ karṇaḥ śakuniḥ ca api saubalaḥ
abhyavarṣan śaravrātāiḥ kuntīputraṃ dhanañjayam

12. atha duryodhanaḥ karṇaḥ śakuniḥ ca api saubalaḥ śaravrātāiḥ kuntīputraṃ dhanañjayam abhyavarṣan.

12. Then Duryodhana, Karṇa, and Śakuni, son of Subala, showered volleys of arrows upon Kuntī's son, Dhanañjaya (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - The eldest Kaurava prince. (Duryodhana)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - The great warrior Karṇa, ally of the Kauravas. (Karṇa)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his cunning. (Śakuni)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Śakuni, as son of Subala (king of Gandhāra) (son of Subala)

• अभ्यवर्षन् (abhyavarṣan) - they rained upon, they showered

• शरव्राताइः (śaravrātāiḥ) - with volleys of arrows, with showers of arrows

• कुन्तीपुत्रम् (kuntīputram) - Arjuna, one of the Pāṇḍavas. (son of Kuntī)

• धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna, an epithet for him. (conqueror of wealth)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Marker for transition in narrative.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - The eldest Kaurava prince. (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - hard to conquer; Duryodhana (name)

Note: Subject.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - The great warrior Karṇa, ally of the Kauravas. (Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karṇa (name)

Note: Subject.

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his cunning. (Śakuni)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - bird; Śakuni (name)

Note: Subject.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'śakuniḥ' to the list of subjects.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the inclusion of Śakuni.

सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Śakuni, as son of Subala (king of Gandhāra) (son of Subala)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - descendant of Subala, son of Subala

patronymic ('aṇ' suffix) from Subala

Note: Epithet for Śakuni.

अभ्यवर्षन् (abhyavarṣan) - they rained upon, they showered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛṣ

imperfect active 3rd person plural

From prefix 'abhi' + root √vṛṣ (class 1, 'varṣati') in imperfect active 3rd person plural.

Prefix: abhi

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject is the collective 'Duryodhana, Karṇa, Śakuni'.

शरव्राताइः (śaravrātāiḥ) - with volleys of arrows, with showers of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śaravrāta

śaravrāta - collection of arrows, volley of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+vrāta)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• vrāta – multitude, host, collection
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrument of action.

कुन्तीपुत्रम् (kuntīputram) - Arjuna, one of the Pāṇḍavas. (son of Kuntī)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kuntī

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – Kuntī (name of Arjuna's mother)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'abhyavarṣan'.

धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna, an epithet for him. (conqueror of wealth)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth; Arjuna

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, victorious
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Arjuna, in apposition to 'kuntīputram'.